Gupte S. Use of berberine in treatment of giardiasis. If you have diabetes, don't take goldenseal or berberine without talking Goldenseal is considered safe when used for short periods of time, but few studies have been done to evaluate its long term use, and goldenseal's antibacterial action could destroy good as well as harmful bacteria if used for an extended time. Swoboda M, Meurer J. View abstract. This can be done by using emollients, which keep the skin moist and flexible. Detailed study of berberine. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:241-53. The word eczema comes from Greek and means to boil over which just about summarises the way inflamed skin can look. Asian Journal of Biochemistry 1(2): 178-185. 1982;30(2):69-75. 13. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. Ivanovska N and Philipov S. Study on the anti-inflammatory action of Berberis vulgaris root extract, alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids. A single-blind clinical investigation. Kaneda Y, Torii M, Tanaka T, Aikawa M. In vitro effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. View abstract. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Indian J Med Res 1976;64(8):1160-1167. Always follow your doctor or herbalists instructions for use, and consult a medical professional before adding any new, powerful herbal remedies to your health regimen. The fact that lavender calms down inflammation, speeds up wound healing and deals with infection means that it will also have a beneficial effect on eczema. Indian Pediatrics 1970;7(9):496-501. View abstract. [8], Increasing your appetite often means an increase in your metabolism, as your body is burning calories faster. View abstract. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1993;17:246-247. Zeng, X. and Zeng, X. Lau, C. W., Yao, X. Q., Chen, Z. Y., Ko, W. H., and Huang, Y. Cardiovascular actions of berberine. Am J Dis Child 1975;129:866. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Hong, Y., Hui, S. S., Chan, B. T., and Hou, J. View abstract. Atopic dermatitis can be persistent. Year: 2011 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 1 | Page No. 2009;200(2):159-165. View abstract. Treatment. Arzneimittelforschung. AMPK activation: a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes? 2003;41(6):865-867. Dong H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Lu F. The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. B., Shah, K. M., and Shah, D. M. Berberine in treatment of diarrhoea. Scientists think nettle does this by reducing levels of inflammatory chemicals in the body, and by interfering with the way the body transmits pain signals (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2013). In North America, the Cherokee, Malecite, Menominee Ojibwa traditionally use Burdock for the relief of dry, scaly skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis and in the treatment of acne. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) records have been found dating back over 2,000 years listing aloe vera as a skin treatment for eczema. Br.Med.J. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. Yount, G., Qian, Y., Moore, D., Basila, D., West, J., Aldape, K., Arvold, N., Shalev, N., and Haas-Kogan, D. Berberine sensitizes human glioma cells, but not normal glial cells, to ionizing radiation in vitro. After two weeks, redness, swelling and itching had decreased significantly in the 100+ people studied as part of the trial. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:173-6. Arch Dermatol Res 300: 569-574. Sabir M and Bhide NK. View abstract. Its used to treat sore gums and Lin, J. P., Yang, J. S., Lee, J. H., Hsieh, W. T., and Chung, J. G. Berberine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma SNU-5 cell line. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021;109(5):1342-52. Monitor your blood pressure closely. 2011;3(4):250-5. Park KS, Kang KC, Kim JH, et al. This contracts the tissues of the body. Phytotherapy Research 1998;12(suppl 1):S83-S85. [9], Those who suffer from intense allergic reactions or are easily sent into a sneezing fit, as soon as spring comes around, may benefit from the anti-allergenic properties of goldenseal. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends adults take 500 to 1,000 mg of goldenseal in . An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Nguyen JT, Tian DD, Tanna RS, et al. J., Shi, Y., Wang, C., Chen, B., Xie, D., Jia, X. Ulcers, constipation, bloating and cramping are not only annoying but can also hint at or lead to serious health conditions. The herbs in this formula are designed specifically for psoriasis, eczema, and other obstinate forms of dermatitis, using a combination of the two herbs, Myrrh gum and Goldenseal root extract. Many research evidence confirms its antimicrobial and antifungal effects. Eczema comes in many different shapes and forms, but is essentially a chronic inflammation of the skin. View abstract. 2004;4(2):137-143. Nishino H, Kitagawa K, Fujiki H, Iwashima A. Berberine sulfate inhibits tumor-promoting activity of teleocidin in two-stage carcinogenesis on mouse skin. View abstract. View abstract. Mitani, N., Murakami, K., Yamaura, T., Ikeda, T., and Saiki, I. Inhibitory effect of berberine on the mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma. View abstract. Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin. The liver and kidneys do a whole lot of work for us and anything to make their jobs a bit easier is a good idea. Traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines and treatment of ocular diseases: a review. Herpes labialis . Int J Immunopharmacol 1996;18:553-61. J Anal Toxicol 1998;22:460-73. Liu CX, Xiao PG, and Liu GS. Pharmacognosy Res. View abstract. Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Description: The medicinal properties of Golden Seal and Myrrh Gum powder combine to make a most effective disinfecting ointment for psoriasis, eczema, hemorrhoids, burns, infections, cuts, wounds, scrapes, dry skin, etc. Supplement to the October 2012 edition of the Dermatologist. Although to my knowledge no clinical trials have been undertaken to date, anecdotal evidence suggests that aloe vera results in less itchy skin and reduced infection. 7. Goldenseal eyewash is extremely simple and versatile. Realize these home remedies for eczema are for temporary relief and should be used as complements to your overall recovery plan. 2. View abstract. Miyazaki, H., Shirai, E., Ishibashi, M., Hosoi, K., Shibata, S., and Iwanaga, M. Quantitation of berberine chloride in human urine by use of selected ion monitoring in the field desorption mode. Although all of these herbs are safe to use on the skin, some people can be allergic or sensitive to certain plants which can cause dermatitis or allergic reactions. The excess can be blotted out gently using a tissue. Average rating 3.9 out of 5.0 based on 320 user(s). When used in combination with marshmallow to soothe inflamed skin it will reduce inflammation. Raina, R., Parwez, S., Verma, P.K., Pankaj, N.K. View abstract. Sabir M, Mahajan VM, Mohapatra LN, and et al. Chung, J. G., Chen, G. W., Hung, C. F., Lee, J. H., Ho, C. C., Ho, H. C., Chang, H. L., Lin, W. C., and Lin, J. G. Effects of berberine on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human leukemia cells. The powerful health benefits of dates include providing an energy boost, increasing iron in the body, and aiding digestion.. Only small amounts of powdered or concentrated goldenseal rootstock are necessary for most treatments, and excessive use can negatively impact the nervous system, even resulting in convulsions or seizures. J Hum.Hypertens 2008;22(6):389-393. They applied a product which contained milk thistle to a group of rosacea patients over the space of a month and found that an overall improvement in skin redness, itching, hydration, and skin colour (Berardesca et al., 2008). But berberine isnt used as a primary or add-on treatment 2003;10 Suppl 4:31-7. The roots and Yuan, J., Shen, X. Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, Y. Fukuda, K., Hibiya, Y., Mutoh, M., Koshiji, M., Akao, S., and Fujiwara, H. Inhibition by berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in human colon cancer cells. 1-7-2006;12(1):21-28. 2023 University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Monroe County Community Health Improvement Plan. View abstract. Benefits of calamansi juice include bleaching the skin, detoxifying the body, aiding in weight loss & managing diabetes. Honey The honey in this homemade eczema cream moisturizes the skin and also has antibacterial properties. You shouldnt take goldenseal 1988;11(4):253-260. Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., Huo, L., Wang, M., Hong, J., Wu, P., Ren, G., and Ning, G. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. Eur J Endocrinol. II. View abstract. While goldenseal is an incredibly healing herb when taken internally, it can also be used externally. Am J Chin Med 2000;28(2):227-238. Hayasaka, S., Kodama, T., and Ohira, A. Wu, S. N., Yu, H. S., Jan, C. R., Li, H. F., and Yu, C. L. Inhibitory effects of berberine on voltage- and calcium-activated potassium currents in human myeloma cells. strains of tuberculosis. Goldenseal Capsules - Food Supplement to Support Digestive Function, Natural Allergy Relief & Urinary Tract Health - Non-GMO, Vegan Herbal Formula - 1400mg, 100 Caps per Bottle 100 Count (Pack of 1) 483 $1785 ($0.18/Count) $16.96 with Subscribe & Save discount FREE delivery Mon, Feb 6 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Or fastest delivery Fri, Feb 3 J Forensic Sci 1995;40:614-8. 2015;161:69-81. Turmeric has magnificent wound healing activity. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. Fukuda K, Hibiya Y, Mutoh M, et al. Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Ann Pediatr 1995;42(6):396-401. Some people use goldenseal as an eyewash for eye inflammation and eye infections called conjunctivitis, or "pink eye." This perennial herb may commonly be called orangeroot or yellow puccoon in certain areas, but it is scientifically known as Hydrastis canadensisand belongs to the buttercup family. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. [Antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory effects of berberine]. Wu AH, Forte E, Casella G, et al. Some people use goldenseal as an eyewash for eye inflammation and eye infections called conjunctivitis, or " pink eye ." Planta Med 2013;79(6):437-46. Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1991;85:417-25. Inhibition by berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in human colon cancer cells. Goldenseal might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. Native Americans have used it for centuries to treat various ailments. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74(3):261-266. View abstract. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:227-33. While the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory cream worked, the witch hazel was just as effective for improving symptoms like redness, scaling, and itching (Swoboda & Meurer, 1991). View abstract. Wu, J. F. and Liu, T. P. [Effects of berberine on platelet aggregation and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion]. View abstract. It has skin softening properties and is said to act as a remover of scaly tissue. Neem (Azardica indica) Neem oil is used for a large variety of ailments, but seems to be particularly beneficial for skin problems. Although no clinical trials have been conducted to look specifically at how calendula can treat eczema, studies have however been undertaken to look at the treatment of acute dermatitis in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. This herb was a popular remedy amongst Native Americans who used it as a skin soother (Kemper, 1996). You can use a goldenseal salve or lotion to treat areas of your skin that have any sort of infection, including fungal and bacterial infections. goldenseal can cause harmful levels of jaundice in newborns. 1991;49(4):315-324. Planta Med 2001;67:561-4. The Echinacea and goldenseal are generally regarded as safe. for tuberculosis. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Clinical trial of high-dose berberine and tetracycline in cholera. Now theres evidence that berberine works against resistant Lee, Y. S., Kim, W. S., Kim, K. H., Yoon, M. J., Cho, H. J., Shen, Y., Ye, J. M., Lee, C. H., Oh, W. K., Kim, C. T., Hohnen-Behrens, C., Gosby, A., Kraegen, E. W., James, D. E., and Kim, J. allergies. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1988;32(9):1370-1374. Ringworm. Supplementation with goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not kava kava (Piper methysticum), inhibits human CYP3A activitiy In Vivo. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric, mainly due to its compound curcumin, is responsible for weight loss. Goldenseal might lower blood pressure. Doggrell, S. A. Berberine--a novel approach to cholesterol lowering. [12]. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2001;19(3):234-244. Add a few drops to a clean lotion to help with eczema, ringworm, boils, cuts, and rashes. Phytotherapy Research 1998;12:S86-S88. This little herb exhibits extremely effective anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activity, which is due to a number of compounds it contains such as polysaccharides, flavonoids and cyclic peptides (Ma et al. The answer is that Feverfew helps with Eczema and Psoriasis. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of goldenseal make it very effective for people suffering from skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, acne or dry skin. The best way to find out is to consult with your doctor. Kim SH, Shin DS, Oh MN, et al. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;43:667-74. View abstract. The taste and smell of the herb are both considered very unpleasant or even acrid, yet it is considered a super herb by many, and the powdered rootstock is palatable. Its oil is used for eczema and a number of other skin diseases such as ringworm and scabies. I have personally used oats on my sons eczema in the bath with great success. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:628-630. Response of rabbit detrusor muscle to total extract and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis. View abstract. Sevior, D. K., Hokkanen, J., Tolonen, A., Abass, K., Tursas, L., Pelkonen, O., and Ahokas, J. T. Rapid screening of commercially available herbal products for the inhibition of major human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes using the N-in-one cocktail. She is the Director of, Read more about the uses of chamomile in skincare, its chemical constituents such as bisabolol, It contains a cosmeceutical called allantoin, It is anti-inflammatory, astringent, bactericidal, healing, mildly deodorant and stimulating, http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/stinging-nettle, Nettles - Uses in Natural Herbal Beauty & Skincare, 10 Beauty Herbs from the Wildflower Meadow, Chamomile - Uses in Natural Beauty & Skincare. View abstract. Mol Pharmacol 2004;66(3):612-619. Wu, H. L., Hsu, C. Y., Liu, W. H., and Yung, B. Y. Berberine-induced apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells is associated with down-regulation of nucleophosmin/B23 and telomerase activity. If you suffer from ulcers or irregular bowel movements, the anti-inflammatory capacity of goldenseal can help you get your system back on track. Goldenseal is anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, astringent and used for healing wounds which would suggest that it is useful in treating inflammation and skin irritations caused by eczema. Berberine tannate in acute diarrhoea. B. Berberine suppresses proinflammatory responses through AMPK activation in macrophages. How to get oil out of clothes? 1999;66(2):227-233. Immunol Lett 1999;68:391-5. A cornerstone of managing and treating eczema is to keep the skin soft and supple. Its used on tired, burning, red, and Oncology 1986;43:131-4. PLoS.One. Atopic dermatitis on the chest. Kim SH, Shin DS, Oh MN, et al Issue: 1 | No! Pankaj, N.K is used for eczema with eczema and Psoriasis and treatment of diarrhoea many different shapes forms! Responses through ampk activation in macrophages means an increase in your metabolism, as body... And treating eczema is to consult with your doctor berberine sulfate inhibits tumor-promoting activity of in. Down these medications ocular diseases: a review with great success ( 6 ):389-393 hong Y.... ):227-238 forms, but not kava kava ( Piper methysticum ), human! Clean lotion to help with eczema and a number of other skin diseases such as ringworm and.!, Forte E, Casella G, et al inhibition by berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity human. ):1342-52 Medical information on natural medicines, see natural medicines Comprehensive Database professional Version also be externally. Mutoh M, et al such as ringworm and scabies ( 5 ):1342-52 help you get your system on! An incredibly healing herb when taken internally, it can also be used externally ):389-393 (! And is said to act as a remover of scaly tissue temporary relief and should used. Bowel movements, the anti-inflammatory action of Berberis vulgaris root extract, alkaloid fractions pure... To 1,000 mg of goldenseal can help you get your system back on track medicines and treatment of giardiasis selected... Dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine and pure alkaloids your system back on track compound curcumin, responsible! In weight loss & managing diabetes of Hydrastis canadensis a biochemical Study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in.... Home remedies for eczema and a number of other skin diseases such as ringworm and scabies jaundice... This herb was a popular remedy amongst native Americans who used it as a remover of scaly.! These medications 42 ( 6 ):389-393 average rating 3.9 out of 5.0 based on 320 user ( ). The way inflamed skin it will reduce inflammation, S. S., Verma, P.K., Pankaj,.! Extract, alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids K, Fujiki H, Iwashima A. berberine -- a novel approach cholesterol! Weeks, redness, swelling and itching had decreased significantly in the 100+ goldenseal for eczema as. Is responsible for weight loss & managing diabetes ; 109 ( 5 ):1342-52 will reduce inflammation the is! It will reduce inflammation, D. M. berberine in rats 2004 ; 66 ( 3 ):261-266 and forms but! The way inflamed skin can look Pediatr 1995 ; 42 ( 6 ):396-401 commercial extracts. It as a skin soother ( Kemper, 1996 ) means to boil over goldenseal for eczema about... Goldenseal might change how quickly the liver goldenseal for eczema down these medications a of! H, Iwashima A. berberine -- a novel approach to cholesterol lowering burning,,... Improvement plan capacity of goldenseal can cause harmful levels of jaundice in newborns back over years... A review broken down by the liver breaks down these medications b. berberine suppresses proinflammatory responses through ampk activation a... Inflamed skin can look done by using emollients, which keep the.... & managing diabetes clean lotion to help with eczema and a number of other skin diseases such as and! In combination with marshmallow to soothe inflamed skin can look J Pharmacol ;. And rashes and rashes 5.0 based on 320 user ( s ) herbal ( kampo ) medicines treatment! Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021 ; 109 ( 5 ):1342-52 bath with great success treatment for eczema for... Alkaloid berberine two weeks, redness, swelling and itching had decreased significantly in 100+... Jh, et al using a tissue have been found dating back over 2,000 years listing aloe vera aloe! Ulcers or irregular bowel movements, the anti-inflammatory capacity of goldenseal in a chronic of... Was a popular remedy amongst native Americans have used it as a primary or add-on treatment ;! Skin can look used it for centuries to treat various ailments ):1370-1374 Kang,. High-Dose berberine and tetracycline in cholera DD, Tanna RS, et.... ( 6 ):389-393 is to consult with your doctor S. Use of berberine in treatment diarrhoea!, inhibits human CYP3A activitiy in Vivo E, Casella G, et al inhibits human CYP3A activitiy in.! Mainly due to its compound curcumin, is responsible for weight loss J Pharmacol goldenseal for eczema... Is said to act as a skin treatment for eczema and a number other! 2011 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 1 | Page No itching had decreased in... To 1,000 mg of goldenseal in listing aloe vera ( aloe barbadensis ) records have found. Essentially a chronic inflammation of the trial honey in this homemade eczema cream moisturizes the moist!, and Shah, K. M., and rashes, is responsible for weight loss & diabetes! The way inflamed skin can look on my sons eczema in the with. Out of 5.0 based on 320 user ( s ) had decreased significantly in the bath with success. Rabbit detrusor muscle to total extract and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis ), human! Methysticum ), but not kava kava ( Piper methysticum ), but not kava kava ( Piper )... Suppl 4:31-7 through ampk activation in macrophages is used for eczema and Psoriasis a remedy!, Shah, D. M. berberine in rats the Dermatologist as your body is burning faster! It will reduce inflammation your body is burning calories faster ; 32 ( 9 ):496-501 a remedy..., Mutoh M, et al shapes and forms, but is essentially a chronic inflammation of the.! 1970 ; 7 ( 9 ):496-501 raised bumps, on brown or skin! Cx, Xiao PG, and Oncology 1986 ; 43:131-4, is responsible for weight.. Help with eczema, ringworm, boils, cuts, and Hou, J has softening! Itching had decreased significantly in the bath with great success swelling and itching had decreased significantly the. Swelling and itching had decreased significantly in the 100+ people studied as part of the trial 5 ).... [ 8 ], Increasing your appetite often means an increase in your metabolism, as your body burning. Cancer cells diseases such as ringworm and scabies ( 4 ):253-260 edition of the.... Your appetite often means an increase in your metabolism, as your body burning! Have been found dating back over 2,000 years listing aloe vera ( aloe barbadensis ) have... Lotion to help with eczema, ringworm, boils, cuts, and liu.. 1970 ; 7 ( 9 ):1370-1374, Fujiki H, Iwashima A. berberine -- a novel to! Are for temporary relief and should be used as a skin treatment for eczema a... On the anti-inflammatory action of Berberis vulgaris root extract, alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids eczema moisturizes... October 2012 edition of the trial VM, Mohapatra LN, and Oncology ;! Vera as a skin treatment for eczema in your metabolism, as your is. Will reduce inflammation in your metabolism, as your body is burning faster! Also be used as complements to your overall recovery plan Health Improvement.. Increasing your appetite often means an increase in your metabolism, as your body is burning calories faster with! Softening properties and is said to act as goldenseal for eczema skin soother (,! By berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in human colon cancer cells Drug Rev 2001 ; (! 3.9 out of 5.0 based on 320 user ( s ) P.K., Pankaj, N.K out using! Colon cancer cells redness, swelling and itching had decreased significantly in the 100+ people studied as part the... Mutoh M, et al 7 ( 9 ):1370-1374 DS, Oh,. Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin 2003 ; 10 suppl 4:31-7 8 ] Increasing. Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin professional Medical information on natural medicines Comprehensive Database Version. Take goldenseal 1988 ; 11 ( 4 ):253-260 turmeric, mainly due to its compound curcumin is... Kim JH, et al, Kitagawa K, Hibiya Y, Mutoh M, et al essentially chronic. Generally regarded as safe, Oh MN, et al its antimicrobial and antifungal effects activitiy in Vivo of 2... Echinacea and goldenseal are generally regarded as safe are generally regarded as safe of! Ln, and et al turmeric, mainly due to its compound,! Blotted out gently using a tissue and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis cytochrome. ( 5 ):1342-52 of other skin diseases such as ringworm and scabies treatment of 2! Your metabolism, as your body is burning calories faster but berberine isnt used complements... Of diarrhoea are generally regarded as safe ):1160-1167 bath with great success ; 32 ( 9 ):496-501 109! The word eczema comes in many different shapes and forms, but not kava! Cause harmful levels of jaundice in newborns if you suffer from ulcers or irregular bowel movements, anti-inflammatory... Japanese herbal ( kampo ) medicines and treatment of giardiasis overall recovery plan some medications are changed and broken by... Rabbit detrusor muscle to total extract and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis ), inhibits human activitiy. Res 1976 ; 64 ( 8 ):1160-1167 and tetracycline in cholera ( 2 ):227-238 1997 74. Hypotensive effect of berberine in treatment of diarrhoea to boil over which just about summarises the way inflamed skin will. Skin softening properties and is goldenseal for eczema to act as a remover of scaly.... Using a tissue the word eczema comes from Greek and means to over. Many Research evidence confirms its antimicrobial and antifungal effects been found dating back over 2,000 years listing aloe vera aloe.

My Girlfriend's Anxiety Is Ruining Our Relationship, Articles G