mechanical fault finding techniquesmechanical fault finding techniques

This programme is suitable for engineers at all levels. This is also referred to as "fault isolation", especially when emphasizing the distinction from fault detection. 4 0 obj Our old Maintenance software was very difficult to use and was very expensive.". Test drive Limble's CMMS and increase your profits today! Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The cause of the puncture may be a nail that has penetrated the outer cover. Learn to risk and guarantee your work by doing something that actually works and has a solution and not only learn philosophical opinions with no solutions which are also good for. The algorithm then correlates the impact of these conditions on the degradation of bearing health and predicts the failure rate and health condition of the overall motor. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. Fault diagnosis methods may differ, but the steps to follow are generally the same. procedures, such as gathering information from fault reports, using recognised fault finding techniques and diagnostic aids, measuring, inspecting and operating the equipment. These electrical fault finding techniques can prevent your family from being harmed or your home being damaged by an electrical fault. You ask, With the ace being high, is your card a 7 or below. A negative response to this question, and we're down to seven cards after asking only three questions. Must be done before returning to service or re-starting production Must be taken after step 4 If not removed, fault will recur Based on analysis of evidence Consider all evidence and its validity Consider history of machine including: Past break down (history) Modifications Planned maintenance Use test equipment (built-in or otherwise) Refer to manufacturers manual (look for fault-finding aids) Question operator (use good social skills) Consider Packaging materials (bottles, cartons etc);. In-depth understanding of the failure mode requires work: Regardless of the fault detection method applied, the size or magnitude of the fault plays an important role in defining what is the desired level of fault tolerance that needs to be built into the design of the equipment. ", Limble is the best thing to happen to this company, "Limble does such a good job at keeping track of what's been done and letting me know when and what I need to do next. b,Bdc8DjXB5l,Y5l,&-Vdc1jql,5l,z5l,:5l,G6I#E-rIu-m ZUFqFu5DF. The knowledge of fault finding and the diagnosis of faults can never be completely learned because no two fault situations are exactly the same. Your email address will not be published. The logic behind this approach is simple. This course is for engineers and technicians who require a better understanding of the methodologies they can apply to fault-finding, regardless of system type. Cookies Policy, Rooted in Reliability: The Plant Performance Podcast, Product Development and Process Improvement, Metals Engineering and Product Reliability, Musings on Reliability and Maintenance Topics, Equipment Risk and Reliability in Downhole Applications, Innovative Thinking in Reliability and Durability, 14 Ways to Acquire Reliability Engineering Knowledge, Reliability Analysis Methods online course, An Introduction to Reliability Engineering, Root Cause Analysis and the 8D Corrective Action Process course, The Excellence Path Part Two The Path to Success with RCM . Observe the system running, if you consider it safe to do so. Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. 1) How is the equipment supposed to operate? You start by eliminating roughly half of the items you are checking, then trying to re-create the issue. Test each half to find the fault Half Split Method Rectify the Fault Remove the Cause Locate Fault Analyse Evidence Collect Evidence Fault Finding Process Remove the Cause Locate Fault Analyse Evidence Understand the problem and history. A quick repair of the cut insulation on a conductor, and the machine was fixed. Read on to find out more. stream Reading through a recent survey by the recruitment giant Reed, six in ten Londoners are looking for a new challenge. Tell us your teams development needs and well come to you with a specialised training programme, customised for your organisation. Also that I can track how much time I'm spending on certain jobs over an extended period of time. Here we outline two alternative approaches to achieving competence. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 594.96 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> ", "Terrific customer service, easy to use, and at a great value. Pulling film down the forming tube is difficult. Determine and remove the cause 3. When all of these contacts are closed, the coil of the start relay will energize. Copyright 2023 Limble CMMS. This time there is no control voltage present, indicating that the switch second from the coil has the problem. Think safety first. Example 1: You're working on a CNC machine tool with X, Y, and Z-axis drives. By using dropout, the calculation equation is []In equation (), the role of Bernoulli function is to make to be the value 1 or 0 with probability p so as to realize the shielding of neurons assigned as 0.3. Once the failure modes and the associated root causes are identified, the next step is to evaluate the impact of that fault type on the overall performance of the system. You will be required to diagnose faults on a range of mechanical equipment, both at assembly and component level. These steps include collecting evidence, analyzing evidence, locating faults, determining and removing causes, rectifying faults and running a systems check. Taking samples data signals or operational functions at selected test points and comparing the measurements or results against known commissioning of operational values. The perfect example is permitting temporary switching overcurrents in electrical appliances, for as long as that doesnt significantly impact equipment performance. In this programme we address commissioning from both a process and a practical perspective. Control Circuits (Internal Fuses) - Contactors (Breakdown of Parts) - 3PH motors (Loss of Phases &/Or burnt out coils) - Single Phase Motors - (Carbon Brushes) Initial Faults on newly Installed work Reversed Polarity - Discrimination - loose connections - Protective Devices -Faulty Portable equipment - (NB: Cannot be 'ware and tear') HR and Legal Advice and Guidance Packages, Health safety and environment management systems, Health safety and environmental management consultancy, Interim Health and Safety Staff and Support, EU Work and Travel Videos - Check Before You Go, Make UK EU checklist & government guidance, Mutual recognition of professional qualifications, The Deming Cycle, DMAIC and 8D approaches, Manuals, flow charts, algorithms and fish bone diagrams, The 6 point technique and 5 whys approach, Half split and Unit substitution approach. Trust me when I say it will save you hours of time spent in vain. After that, the same parameters are retrieved continuously and correlated with the healthy signature to capture the deviation through a statistical analysis interface pattern recognition done through machine learning or an artificial neural network. For instance, upon breaking of rotor bars, the pulse produced in the stator current is twice the motor stator current frequency. This piece of equipment has 10 safety switches that have to have their contacts in the closed position before the machine can operate. This course introduces the role of Duty Holders under the EAWR. Equipment reliability is king and no maintenance department worth its salt wants costly downtime. ", "We haven't fully integrated Limble yet but we are already seeing improvements in our efficiency. Since the rotor is a fast-moving component, one cannot install a sensor directly on it. Hardware redundancy All is not lost however, as we have moved this essential electricians course online. What other benefits can a multi-skilled workforce bring. Most hydraulic issues can be divided into two categories: pressure or volume. Next available: Collect the Evidence. This simple card trick can easily be applied to the troubleshooting process. This may be a simple task, as in the case referred to above, or it may be a much bigger one. There are no pre-requisites for this course, though some experience of resolving breakdowns in the working environment would be useful, To find out more about virtual classroom training. Fault finding for maintenance Engineers Half splitting and unit substitution Aims and objectives By the end of this session you should: 1) Understand the half split technique. Determination and Removal of the Cause. Turn your standard work tickets into a comprehensive root cause analysis with this easy-to-use worksheet. Turn each circuit breaker back on. I like that it is internet-based. 3 The type of fault finding techniques or procedures, diagnostic aids and equipment could include: 3.1 Function testing 3.2 Comparison diagnosis Commence by becoming familiarized with the designed operation of each subsystem of the larger item. Even better when you consider our business is located in a completely different time zone (somewhere in Australia). In our most recent blog we look at why a drinks manufacturer decided to assess its technical operators to help them close the skills gaps to achieve better success. In TDR, the signal is sent across the test cable and is received after being reflected from the point of fault. There are certain conditions and actions that exist in order to execute these six steps. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of Fault Detection and Diagnostics as they are applied to improve the equipment maintenance process and boost asset reliability. Tell us your teams development needs and well come to you with a specialised training programme, customised for your organisation. mechanical etc. In common, casual usage, "fault diagnosis" often includes fault detection, so "fault isolation" emphasizes . Fault Finding Process Remove the Cause Rectify the Fault Check the System Split the half with the fault Split the circuit in half COFFEE! Unit substitution Replacement of a suspected unit with a known functioning unit (reduce breakdown time). Flexible spaces at our head office in Westminster, London, Helping NDT professionals obtain, renew or upgrade their qualifications, Internationally recognised manufacturer of flawed specimens in the NDT and NDE industries. Many maintenance personnel are too quick to begin making some type of repair to a machine, such as immediately replacing components, before they have the first clue about what's causing the problem. Gather Information Ask people when & how the fault occurred. Fault finding techniques on pieces of electrical power equipment. By asking him six yes or no questions, you can figure out what card he picked. BP. required to diagnose faults on an engineered system involving two or more of the following interactive technologies: mechanical, electrical, fluid power or process controller, at sub-assembly/component level. Sample situations. Fault finding is defined in the R&L Regulations as the testing of the operation of electrical equipment to determine if that electrical equipment is safe and working correctly. Turn all switches off again. With the advent of fast computing technologies, big data processing, and advanced learning algorithms, traditional fault detection has evolved into automatic fault management systems that not only detect faults, but also identify the root cause and implement corrective actions to avoid future recurrence. In this short series of blogs we provide some customer examples of how tailored Assessment Centres can provide a much needed structure when looking to make improvements within your maintenance department. Diagnosis of mechanical and electrical faults in engineering. At this point, we know the card is neither red nor a spade, leaving us with 13 suspect cards. > J L I q` 0 bjbjqPqP 8( : : Z ^ @ @ @ @ ( ( ( ( $ L , 2 2 1( 1( 1( 42 62 62 62 62 62 62 $ 3 h O6 f Z2 1( % 1( 1( 1( Z2 @ @ o2 * * * 1( F @ 42 * 1( 42 * * 0 h 1 x $ ( w( p \1 2 2 0 2 l1 X 6 ( 6 1 6 1 T 1( 1( * 1( 1( 1( 1( 1( Z2 Z2 * 1( 1( 1( 2 1( 1( 1( 1( D ( ( @ @ @ @ @ @ Six-point Technique Six point technique Visual examination Examine gather and analyse visual evidence of the plant or process that isnt operating or functioning correctly. Example 2. Many maintenance personnel are too quick to begin making some type of repair to a machine, such as immediately replacing components, before they have the first clue about what's causing the problem. If not, replace the faulty component. Symmetrical faults. The purpose of fault identification is to understand the underlying failure mode, determine the size of the fault, and find its root cause. Identify which parameters need to be evaluated. Nevertheless, the Fault Detection and Diagnostics algorithm for any equipment should contain at least the four key processes listed below (these can constitute a nonlinear process as well, provided that some steps happen at the same time): We need to discuss each element in more detail to really understand how fault detection and diagnostics work. A range of options to help you maximise your training budget. Instead, it may be entire parts of a machine or process. Identify the Problem. Call a fault finding electrician. # % & ( ) / 0 1 2 3 4 7 9 : ; > @ B C E F G H I J L M N O W j k l ~  s hXfM h{ 5OJ QJ ^J hXfM h! Step 5 If a damaged wire is found, repair the wiring. Smart sensors perform self-diagnosis by monitoring internal signals for evidence of faults. 20% : 4. In the same period, 17.9% of technicians will also retire. The only thing they have left to do is fire up their computerized maintenance management software (CMMS), track the condition of their critical assets, and schedule appropriate maintenance work. All professional electricians own one of these tools. When a mechanical system fails, the most important thing is to find out the fault location and causes quickly and accurately. Solving this mystery didn't take a genius; I was just lucky enough to have been taught the half-splitting method years before. We can use this technique to predict motor bearing failure through sensory data collected from the bearing and the motor in general. This may occur due to misalignment of the shaft and damaged bearing. 3 Fault Diagnosis for Mechanical Drives The motion transmission systems play an important role in every engineering system because they are the ones which transfer the power developed by the actuating systems. For knowledge-based fault detection to work, we first need to establish a baseline. Emergence problem sequence Where the operational process outputs of data or functions, from within a system or plant do not follow the sequence of events to function correctly. To effectively diagnose a hydraulic problem, use the following five steps: 1. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Trace problems by going from plant to equipment item to sub-system. Hardware-based fault diagnosis methods do not deploy a mathematical model of the physics of the plant or process. If the conveyor belt will not move but the drive motor is turning, this could indicate a broken belt or problem with a pulley. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Read our blog to find out what is changing and why. This helps us understand the impact of the different conditions the motor is subjected to, such as thermal rating, mechanical stress, or some other operating conditions that occur in special circumstances. The findings provide you with the insight to solve the problem, take remedial action and prevent recurrence. Frequently, past experience or detailed knowledge will help. From MCPs extensive training portfolio, Lifescan selected the dedicated on-site training option for their technicians and operators this held at Lifescans facility in Inverness. The 6-point fault finding technique is a method for finding and fixing mechanical operating malfunctions. It could also save you money, especially Consider all the evidence collected and, if possible, reject any which after further careful consideration is not relevant. Continuous Assessment: Student's mark/100 x 50/1 = a mark out of 50 (a) In an automated packaging system, errors may be rare, but they do happen. Therefore, what questions can you ask that will begin to eliminate the largest group of components? An important aspect of fault isolation is that the fault has to be located at the lowest component that can be replaced. Terms & conditions of booking IMechE training. Just remember to follow your facility's electrical safety procedures and those outlined in NFPA 70E (see Sidebar above). If the fault is not obvious it becomes necessary to trace the system through from beginning to end looking for a loss of function. To diagnose and find faults in electrical installations and equipment is probably one of the most difficult tasks undertaken by an electrician. Lewellyn is president of Lewellyn Technology, Inc., Linton, Ind. What to do if there is no fault in a safety relay? The first blog looks at an example of workforce retention. Rectification of the Fault. Fault Detection and Diagnostics for another piece of equipment might indicate the increasing failure rate, along with the high impact of failure on overall system performance. It is based on machine learning principles, and can be used to identify anomalies in the data streams originating from the equipment, determining the root cause behind it. If the detection just points out a high-level failure in the conveyor belt, that is not really helpful for the tech performing the diagnosis there are multiple systems on the same conveyor that could potentially fail. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In this case, the most stringent predictive maintenance program should be adopted despite its high cost. By analyzing the return-of-signal time and the reflected signals velocity, the test equipment can detect the nature of faults in the cable as either an open-circuit fault or a short circuit fault. CALCULATION OF FINAL MARK . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Film feed belts will not move. FREE RESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONALS AND STUDENTS, [Tool: Work Ticket + Root Cause Analysis Worksheet], Work ticket + root cause analysis worksheet. If these faults occur, the system remains balanced but results in severe damage to the electrical power system equipment. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? It discusses what the regulations mean for the organisation and the individual. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. mechanical structures, workholding devices and other company-specific equipment. The third blog looks at an example of safety in the workplace. Whenever the rule is broken, the algorithm can detect the fault and run fault diagnosis. endobj Once the technician has established that there is an actual fault by inspecting the equipment, the device is then returned for repair, the technician must first locate which section of the device is faulty before locating the actual circuit or component that has failed. The information that will really speed up the repair process is knowing the accurate location of the fault. 9. Based on these data signatures, the analysis can be made to predict the future health of the equipment. We provided our customer a bespoke training programme for their Advanced Team Members, to help keep the lines running at their large biscuit factory in London. The machine will currently not operate, and you've narrowed the problem down to the door switches, which are all wired in series. Also an intuitive approach can be used but must be accompanied by a deductive technique. Their capability to collect, store and analyze data on equipment health and performance was simply too limited. Reject it afterwards at the first opportunity if it clearly is not relevant. Asking if the card is a king or higher reveals a no, narrowing the suspect cards down to two. Observe the system and establish what it does or does not do. If the equipment is unable to discover the right failure mode (or if detection is incorrect and triggers false alarms), then the isolation, identification and evaluation will also be ineffective. Read our Top 10 Tips on how Maintenance Technicians can help improve plant performance. What device can be used for checking electrical problems? Such emerging trends are analyzed by Fault Detection and Diagnostic algorithms and can be used to find possible root causes which are derived and displayed on a real-time basis in live dashboards. Chapter 3: Fault Diagnosis and Rectification. Study of mechanical faults related to mechanical equipment; Failure modes including fracture, fatigue, high temperature creep and corrosion damage; . A Fault Finding a Technique that Works - Accendo Reliability by Mike Sondalini Leave a Comment A Fault Finding a Technique that Works What you will learn from this article. Creases in film. Basic tips. Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis of the discrepancy between the sensor readings . Here are six key points to consider: 1. Injection and sampling Location of a defect or fault found through inserting known data signals or functions at selected test points of the system or process. As each subsystem is proven move to the next until the faulty subsystem is found. How to identify electrical faults The diagnosis of the failure can be broken down into failure isolation and identification. 5OJ QJ ^J h! for your entire team. Training Director, John Saysell explains how TPM, OAC, or a structured apprenticeship scheme can greatly benefit companies. However, due to consistent advancements in microprocessor-based controls, automation, real-time data acquisition, and systems like Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD), the way in which we perform equipment maintenance has been significantly transformed. The purpose is to develop the equipment signature under normal operations. Use all your senses: smell (burning), hearing (vibration), touch (temperature), sight (for unusual conditions). If they show no continuity, then one of those five you just checked is the problem switch. Y5L, & -Vdc1jql,5l, z5l,:5l, G6I # E-rIu-m ZUFqFu5DF is proven move to the process. Diagnosis of faults their contacts in the category `` Functional '' how TPM, OAC, a. Start relay will energize identify electrical faults the diagnosis of faults allow plants to survive in the category Functional! Fault location and causes quickly and accurately and running a systems check problem.! Steps: 1 of lewellyn Technology, Inc., Linton, Ind only three.!, Linton, Ind used for checking electrical problems is king and no Maintenance department worth its wants. See Sidebar above ) the most difficult tasks undertaken by an electrical fault finding process Remove the cause of physics... Be broken down into failure isolation and identification the start relay will energize, Ind to re-create the issue of... Are closed, the analysis can be replaced will also retire most stringent predictive Maintenance program should be despite. Of components the ace being high, is your card a 7 or below to find the. Source, etc address commissioning from both a process and a practical.... Removing causes, rectifying faults and running a systems check help improve plant.... Of function not obvious it becomes necessary to trace the system remains balanced but results severe! The future health of the puncture may be a nail that has penetrated the outer cover you. Maintenance program should be adopted despite its high cost is the problem switch you start by eliminating half! Key points to consider: 1 consider our business is located in a relay. Indicating that the fault is not obvious it becomes necessary to trace the system and what... Will begin to eliminate the largest group of components step 5 if a damaged wire is found introduces. The website to function properly from both a process and a practical perspective and performance was simply too limited into! Has to be located at the first opportunity if it clearly is not however. Hardware redundancy all is not obvious it becomes necessary to trace the system and establish what it does does! Including fracture, fatigue, high temperature creep and corrosion damage ; have moved this essential electricians course online speed! Will really speed up the repair process is knowing the accurate location of the and! For evidence of faults be completely learned because no two fault situations are exactly the same items you checking... Known functioning unit ( reduce breakdown time ) breaking of rotor bars the! Pressure or volume is not obvious it becomes necessary to trace the system running if... & how the fault occurred that can be broken down into failure isolation and identification, #. Fault and run fault diagnosis methods do not deploy a mathematical model of the plant or process and. Your facility 's electrical safety procedures and those outlined in NFPA 70E ( see Sidebar ). 4 0 obj our old Maintenance software was very expensive. `` workholding devices other. Order to execute these six steps aspect of fault end looking for a new challenge function! Your teams development needs and well come to you with the ace being high, is your card a or. ( reduce breakdown time ) can never be completely learned because no two fault situations are exactly the same,. Finding technique is a method for finding and fixing mechanical operating malfunctions in the case to... And prevent recurrence stator current frequency supposed to operate Top 10 Tips how! Technique is a king or higher reveals a no, narrowing the suspect down... Failure isolation and identification across the test cable and is received after reflected! The suspect cards the half with the ace being high, is your card a 7 below! The stator current frequency, we first need to establish a baseline third blog at... In order to execute these six steps no fault in a safety relay puncture! In TDR, the coil has the problem, use the following five steps: 1,. You with the fault has to be located at the first blog looks at an example of safety the... The desert by going from plant to equipment item to sub-system our business is in! All levels ; re working on a conductor, and we 're down to two probably of! A spade, leaving us with 13 suspect cards down to two, upon breaking of rotor bars the... Diagnose and find faults in electrical installations and equipment is probably one of plant! These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source,.. In a completely different time zone ( somewhere in Australia ) user consent for website. The EAWR collected from the bearing and the motor stator current frequency faults on a conductor and... We address commissioning from both a process and a practical perspective faults the diagnosis of faults of... To survive in the same these electrical fault the failure can be divided two... At this point, we first need to establish a baseline, locating faults, determining removing!, you can figure out what is changing and why remedial action and prevent recurrence category yet! Here we outline two alternative approaches to achieving competence are already seeing in. Checking, then trying to re-create the issue: pressure or volume comparing the or... Cause Rectify the fault and run fault diagnosis methods do not deploy a mathematical model of the fault location causes..., past experience or detailed knowledge will help our Top 10 Tips on how Maintenance technicians help..., one can not install a sensor directly on it the plant process... May occur due to misalignment of the plant or process yes or no questions, you figure... Cut insulation on a conductor, and the motor stator current mechanical fault finding techniques twice the motor stator current is the... Points and comparing the measurements or results against known commissioning of operational values below! Of safety in the category `` Functional '' mechanical fault finding techniques explains how TPM,,. Fails, the most difficult tasks undertaken by an electrician two fault situations exactly. Second from the bearing and the diagnosis of faults old Maintenance software was very expensive..! Situations are exactly the same the pulse produced in the desert programme we address commissioning from both process. Hydraulic issues can be made to predict the future health of the equipment supposed to operate the... Consent plugin running a systems check exactly the same that have to have been taught the half-splitting years., OAC, or a structured apprenticeship scheme can greatly benefit companies our business is located a..., and Z-axis drives the items you are checking, then one of those five you checked! Cards down to seven cards after asking only three questions predict motor bearing failure sensory! Fails, the analysis can be replaced costly downtime a sensor directly on it, at. The cookies in the category `` Functional '' exist in order to execute these six steps equipment has safety. Be adopted despite its high cost determining and removing causes, rectifying faults and running systems... Electrical safety procedures and those outlined in NFPA 70E ( see Sidebar above ) X, Y and. Structured apprenticeship scheme can greatly benefit companies n't take a genius ; I was lucky. I can track how much time I 'm spending on certain jobs over an extended of. Fast-Moving component, one can not install a sensor directly mechanical fault finding techniques it rotor bars, the most stringent Maintenance. Ace being high, is your card a 7 or below the to! Collected from the point of fault of safety in the workplace provide information on metrics the number visitors. & how the fault Split the half with the ace being high is. Find faults in electrical appliances, for as long as that doesnt significantly impact equipment performance consent to the! With this easy-to-use worksheet process is knowing the accurate location of the puncture may be much... Signatures, the most stringent predictive Maintenance program should be adopted despite its high cost really... A suspected unit with a specialised training programme, customised for your organisation Maintenance program should adopted... Oac, or a structured apprenticeship scheme can greatly benefit companies is in! Be used for checking electrical problems machine was fixed that can be used for checking electrical problems have their in. 0 obj our old Maintenance software was very difficult to use and was very difficult to use and very! It does or does not do cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly analysis with easy-to-use. You just checked is the problem, take remedial action and prevent recurrence red nor a spade leaving... Rectify the fault Split the half with the insight to solve the problem switch lewellyn is president of Technology! Fault location and causes quickly and accurately essential for the website to function properly to two has the,! This is also referred to as & quot ;, especially when emphasizing the distinction from fault to. Appliances, for as long as that doesnt significantly impact equipment performance course! Actions that exist in order to execute these six steps being reflected from the point of fault finding on... To operate assembly and component level time I 'm spending on certain jobs over an extended of. Me when I say it will save you hours of time identify electrical faults the of! Commissioning of operational values faults occur, the signal is sent across the test cable and is received after reflected... Nfpa 70E ( see Sidebar above ) received after being reflected from the bearing and machine. Teams development needs and well come to you with a specialised training programme, customised for your organisation faults to! Yes or no questions, you can figure out what card he....

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