Elayi believes Sennacherib's greatest flaw was "his irascible, vindictive and impatient character" and that he, when emotional, could be pushed to make irrational decisions. [55] One of Sennacherib's first measures was to remove Bel-ibni from the Babylonian throne, either because of incompetence or complicity,[32] and he was brought back to Assyria, whereafter he is not heard of again in the sources. [85] When Sennacherib made the city his new capital it experienced one of the most ambitious building projects in ancient history, being completely transformed from the somewhat neglected state it had been in before his reign. Nineveh was the capital of the powerful ancient Assyrian empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq. [19] Sargon also assigned him to the reception and distribution of audience gifts and tribute. The siege of Lachish, which ended in the city's destruction, was so lengthy that the defenders eventually began using arrowheads made of bone rather than metal, which had run out. In Midrash, examinations of the Old Testament and later stories, the events of 701BC are often explored in detail; many times featuring massive armies deployed by Sennacherib and pointing out how he repeatedly consulted astrologers on his campaign, delaying his actions. In most cases the Assyrians followed the principle of primogeniture, wherein the oldest son inherits. The Assyrian campaign (described as an act of aggression rather than as a response to Hezekiah's rebellious activities) is seen as doomed to fail from the start. [79] Among the elements of this campaign, he commissioned a myth in which Marduk was put on trial before Ashur, the god of Assyria. Sennacherib's troops seems to have been remembered later, in a greatly mod-ified form, by the Greek historian Herodotus (Histories, 2.141), who recount-ed that: "Sennacherib . [44], The resistance in the southern Levant was not as easily suppressed, forcing Sennacherib to invade the region. [56], In preparation for his attack on Elam, Sennacherib assembled two great fleets on the Euphrates and the Tigris. Caught in a dreadful quandary, the priest [Sethos, who was also Pharaoh] entered the The first reason for this is Sennacherib's negative portrayal in the Bible as the evil conqueror who attempted to take Jerusalem; the second is his destruction of Babylon, one of the most prominent cities in the ancient world. [52] The battle is considered unlikely to have been an outright Assyrian defeat, especially because contemporary Babylonian chronicles, otherwise eager to mention Assyrian failures, are silent on the matter. [61] In 694 BC, Sennacherib invaded Elam, with the explicit goal of the campaign being to root out Marduk-apla-iddina and the other Chaldean refugees. Sennacherib has captured 46 Jewish "strong, walled cities", exiling 200,150 Jews, and then headed to Azekah, a city that was on the border. [88], The Assyriologists Hormuzd Rassam and Henry Creswicke Rawlinson from 1852 to 1854, William Kennett Loftus from 1854 to 1855 and George Smith from 1873 to 1874 led further excavations of the Southwest Palace. [39], Sennacherib then marched on Babylon. Though Babylon was respected as the well-spring of civilization, it was expected to remain passive in political matters, something that Assyria's "Babylonian bride" repeatedly refused to be. [91], When his eldest son and original crown prince, Ashur-nadin-shumi, disappeared, presumably executed, Sennacherib selected his eldest surviving son, Arda-Mulissu, as the new crown prince. Although Sennacherib at last got his revenge on Marduk-apla-iddina, his arch-enemy had not lived to see it, having died of natural causes before the Assyrians landed in Elam. [87], The earliest inscriptions discussing the building project at Nineveh date to 702BC and concern the construction of the Southwest Palace, a large residence constructed in the southwestern part of the citadel. I counted out the wealth of that citysilver, gold, precious stones, property and goodsinto the hands of my people; and they took it as their own. [90], Though probably conceived as a structure like the palace Sargon built at Dur-Sharrukin, Sennacherib's palace, and especially the artwork featured within it, shows some differences. [106] By examining the inscriptions and comparing them to those of other kings and non-royal inscriptions, it is possible to infer some aspects of Sennacherib's character. [] By the order of Ashur, father of the gods, and heavenly queen Ishtar may we both live long in health and happiness in this palace and enjoy wellbeing to the full! [114] A vast majority of the Biblical accounts of King Hezekiah's reign in 2 Kings is dedicated to Sennacherib's campaign, cementing it as the most important event of Hezekiah's time. [115] In Chronicles, Sennacherib's failure and Hezekiah's success is emphasized. [88] Among the many inscriptions found at the site, Smith discovered a fragmentary account of a flood, which generated much excitement both among scholars and the public. According to Elayi, Sennacherib was "certainly intelligent, skillful, with an ability of adaptation", but "his sense of piety was contradictory, as, on the one hand, he impiously destroyed the statues of gods and temples of Babylon while, on the other hand, he used to consult the gods before acting and prayed to them". I razed the brick and earthenwork of the outer and inner wall of the city, of the temples, and of the ziggurat; and I dumped these into the Aratu canal. They also served as intimidating tools for propaganda and psychological warfare. [41] After a brief period of rest in Babylon, Sennacherib and the Assyrian army then moved systematically through southern Babylonia, where there was still organized resistance, pacifying both the tribal areas and the major cities. In the Levantine War, the states in the southern Levant, especially the Kingdom of Judah under King Hezekiah, were not subdued as easily as those in the north. There was also a change in rulership in Elam, where Kutur-Nahhunte was deposed in favor of Humban-menanu, who began assembling the anti-Assyrian coalition once more. [38] However, Sennacherib also realized that the anti-Assyrian forces were divided and led his entire army to engage and destroy the portion of the army encamped at Kutha. The second king of the Sargonid dynasty, Sennacherib is one of the most famous Assyrian kings for the role he plays in the Hebrew Bible, which describes his campaign in the Levant. [63] The war then took an unexpected turn as the king of Elam, Hallutash-Inshushinak I, took advantage of the Assyrian army being so far away from home to invade Babylonia. [26], In 705BC, Sargon, probably in his sixties, led the Assyrian army on a campaign against King Gurd of Tabal in central Anatolia. . [89] Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond. [31] Sennacherib called this palace the ekallu a nina la iu, the "Palace without Rival". The problems with these claims by Sennacherib are: 1) The Old Testament does not mention this mass deportation of Judean's; 2) The population of Judea exploded during Hezekiah's reign. [21], By the time Sennacherib became king, the Neo-Assyrian Empire had been the dominant power in the Near East for over thirty years, chiefly due to its well-trained and large army superior to that of any other contemporary kingdom. Shortly after taking the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including his brothers' families. Other events of his reign include his destruction of the city of Babylon in 689 BC and his renovation and expansion of the last great Assyrian capital, Nineveh . Elayi believes that Sennacherib may have resented his father for this as he missed out on the glory attached to military victories. Bustenay Oded noted that Sennacherib claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a result of his war with Hezekiah in B.C. Sennacherib's generals led other small campaigns without the king present, including a 698BC expedition against Kirua, an Assyrian governor revolting in Cilicia, and a 695BC campaign against the city of Tegarama. Sennacherib's campaign in Judah was a military conflict in 701 BC between Kingdom of Judah and the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the conflict is part of the greater conflict of Sennacherib's campaigns. Assyria and Babylonia also shared the same language (Akkadian). The reasons for his policy towards his female relatives are unknown. [39] Sennacherib's arch-enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the empire's western vassals. Though Sargon's reliefs usually show the king as close to other members of the Assyrian aristocracy, Sennacherib's art usually depicts the king towering above everyone else in his vicinity due to being mounted in a chariot. Though old native Babylonians ruled most of the cities, such as Kish, Ur, Uruk, Borsippa, Nippur, and Babylon itself, Chaldean tribes led by chieftains who often squabbled with each other dominated most of the southernmost land. [58] More evidence in favor of Ashur-nadin-shumi being the crown prince is Sennacherib's construction of a palace for him at the city of Assur,[59] something Sennacherib would also do for the later crown prince Esarhaddon. Though Babylonia to the south had also once been a large kingdom, it was typically weaker than its northern neighbor during this period, due to internal divisions and the lack of a well-organized army. For unknown reasons, Sargon never took him on his military campaigns. Many of Sennacherib's reliefs are exhibited today at the Vorderasiatisches Museum, the British Museum, the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Louvre in Paris. [67], Soon thereafter, a revolt broke out in Elam which saw the deposition of Hallutash-Inshushinak and the rise of Kutur-Nahhunte to the throne. [72] In 1982, Assyriologist Louis D. Levine wrote that the battle was probably an Assyrian victory, though not a decisive one and that though the southerners had been defeated and fled, the Assyrian advance on Babylon itself was temporarily halted. [28], Even with this public denial in mind, Sennacherib was superstitious and spent a great deal of time asking his diviners what kind of sin Sargon could have committed to suffer the fate that he had, perhaps considering the possibility that he had offended Babylon's deities by taking control of the city. [111], Throughout the millennia following Sennacherib's death, the popular image of the king has been mainly negative. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Though the biblical narrative holds that divine intervention by an angel ended Sennacherib's attack on Jerusalem by destroying the Assyrian army, an outright Assyrian defeat is unlikely as Hezekiah submitted to Sennacherib at the end of the campaign. [74] Nineveh had been an important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia. [64] Ashur-nadin-shumi was then never heard from again, probably having been executed. [8] He was also forced to release the imprisoned king of Ekron, Padi,[53] and Sennacherib granted substantial portions of Judah's land to the neighboring kingdoms of Gaza, Ashdod and Ekron. An inscription on a stone lion in the quarter associated with Sennacherib's queen, Tashmetu-sharrat, contains hopes that the king and queen would both live healthily and long within the new palace. Sennacherib was born around 740 BCE. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. He never disobeyed his father, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him. Wishing to consolidate his position as king, Nergal-ushezib took advantage of the situation and captured and plundered the city of Nippur. Through some unknown means, Sennacherib had managed to slip by the Babylonian and Elamite forces undetected some months prior and was not present at the final battle, instead probably being on his way from Assyria with additional troops. [92][96], As was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib had a harem of many women. [124], The traditional negative assessment of Sennacherib as a ruthless conqueror has faded away in modern scholarship. Shortly thereafter, the severe weather forced Sennacherib to retreat and return home. [24] Babylon's internal and external weakness led to its conquest by the Assyrian king Tiglath-PileserIII in 729BC. [94] He concluded a "treaty of rebellion" with another of his younger brothers, Nabu-shar-usur, and on 20October 681BC, they attacked and killed their father in one of Nineveh's temples,[92] possibly the one dedicated to Sn. [28] Sennacherib was about 35 years old when he ascended to the Assyrian throne in August of 705BC. Evidence of the increased standing of the royal women includes the larger number of texts referencing Assyrian queens from Sennacherib's reign compared to queens of earlier times, and evidence that Sennacherib's queens had their own standing military units, just like the king. He dealt firmly with an Egyptian-backed rebellion in Palestine in 701, sparing Jerusalem after . Part of Tim's prophetic word was: "There is coming a tsunami generation that will ride the wave of my Spirit. These inscriptions were not written by the king, but by his royal scribes. Sennacherib had been groomed for ascension to. Throughout the history of the Assyrian Empire, Babylon had caused problems and had even been destroyed by the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I in c. 1225 BCE. [69] The Assyrian records considered Humban-menanu's decision to support Babylonia to be unintelligent, describing him as a "man without any sense or judgement". [47] Although the Assyrian account of the operation may lead one to believe that Sennacherib was present in person, this is never explicitly stated and reliefs depicting the campaign show Sennacherib seated on a throne in Lachish instead of overseeing the preparations for an assault on Jerusalem. Nergal-ushezib was frightened by this development and called on the Elamites for aid. Sennacherib surrounded the cities that had high walls around them. His name appears in the 'Old Testament' of the 'Bible.'. The royal educator, Hunn, would have educated Sennacherib and his siblings. He spent the next few years subduing Babylon and campaigning in Elam, including an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault. The outcome of the Battle of Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great victory. Whether both held the position of queen is uncertain, but contemporary sources suggest that though the king's family included multiple women, only one at a time would be recognized as queen and primary consort. After the Assyrians had seized many of Judah's most important fortified cities and destroyed several towns and villages, Hezekiah realized that his anti-Assyrian activities had been disastrous military and political miscalculations and accordingly submitted to the Assyrians once more. His appointment as king of Babylon and the new title suggests that Ashur-nadin-shumi was being groomed to succeed Sennacherib as the king of Assyria upon his death. Sennacherib's only known sister, Ahat-abisha, was married off to Ambaris, the king of Tabal, but probably returned to Assyria after Sargon's first successful campaign against Tabal. [82] In Babylonia, Sennacherib's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of the populace. The event is often portrayed as an apocalyptic scenario, with Hezekiah portrayed as a messianic figure and Sennacherib and his armies being personifications of Gog and Magog. 2 Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come . Just seven days after taking Uruk, the Assyrians and Babylonians met in battle at Nippur, where the Assyrians won a decisive victory; routing the Elamite-Babylonian army and capturing Nergal-ushezib, finally free from their entrapped position in the south. They will be called my War Eagles. As the name Ashur-ili-muballissu appears in the list of personal names, alongside fragmentary names that could possibly be reconstructed as Ashur-nadin-shumi (or Ashur-shumu-ushabshi) and Esarhaddon, it is also possible that the other personal names were names of further sons of Sennacherib. He also claimed that he besieged King Hezekiah of the Judah in Jerusalem "like a bird in a cage." [8] The campaign was disastrous, resulting in the defeat of the Assyrian army and the death of Sargon, whose corpse the Anatolians carried off. Son and successor of Sargon, he led expeditions to subdue Phoenicia and Palestine in 701 bc, and defeated the Elamite-Chaldean alliance in 691 bc. [8] Sargon had ruled Babylonia since 710BC, when he defeated the Chaldean tribal chief Marduk-apla-iddinaII, who had taken control of the south in the aftermath of the death of Sargon's predecessor ShalmaneserV in 722BC. [110], Despite Sennacherib's superstition in regards to the fate of his father and his conviction of divine support,[32][108] Reade believes that the king to some degree was skeptical of religion. [84] Though some northern Babylonian territories became Assyrian provinces, the Assyrians made no effort to rebuild Babylon itself, and southern chronicles from the time refer to the era as the "kingless" period when there was no king in the land. The ancient Aramaic story of Ahikar portrays Sennacherib as a benevolent patron of the titular character Ahikar, with Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively. 701. First, a Babylonian by the name of Marduk-zakir-shumiII took the throne, but Marduk-apla-iddina, the same Chaldean warlord who had seized control of the city once before and had warred against Sennacherib's father, deposed him after just two[32] or four weeks. He is primarily remembered for his military campaigns in Babylon and Jerusalem. Panels 14-16 Because Babylon, well within his own territory, had been the target of most of his military campaigns and had caused the death of his son, Sennacherib destroyed the city in 689BC. He built a large second palace at the city's southern mound, which served as an arsenal to store military equipment and as permanent quarters for part of the Assyrian standing army. [33] A minor 704BC[34] campaign (unmentioned in Sennacherib's later historical accounts), led by Sennacherib's magnates rather than the king himself, was sent against Gurd in Tabal to avenge Sargon. Sennacherib transferred the capital of Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his time as crown prince. Earlier in his account of the campaign, he specifically mentions the sanctuaries of the Babylonian deities had provided financial support to his enemies. [29] He had a great deal of experience with how to rule the empire because of his long tenure as crown prince. His son and successor Esarhaddon mentions in his inscriptions that the "al demon" afflicted Sennacherib and that none of his diviners initially dared to tell the king they had observed signs pointing to the demon. [65] Babylonian records ascribe Nergal-ushezib's rise to power to being appointed by Hallutash-Inshushinak, whereas Assyrian records state that he was chosen by the Babylonians themselves. [93] Despite his dismissal, Arda-Mulissu remained a popular figure, and some vassals secretly supported him as the heir to the throne. When he returned to Assyria his own sons murdered him. Historically, the most popular view has been that Sennacherib was the son of Sargon's wife Ataliya, although this is now considered unlikely. He thought he could take them for himself. [91], Besides the palace, Sennacherib oversaw other building projects at Nineveh. [118] The legend of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as their royal father. The reign of Assyrian king Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon. [97], Whether Naqi'a ever held the title of queen is unclear. He also built the Assyrian capital of Nineveh into an elaborate and well-planned city. Sennacherib's annals locate that encounter at Eltekeh in Philistia, while his army was on its way from Joppa to Ekron. Part of Tim's prophetic word was: "There is coming a tsunami generation that will ride the wave of my Spirit. Isaiah 40:31 New King James Version (NKJV) 31 But those who wait on the Lord Shall renew their strength; They shall mount up with wings. After Behnam converts to Christianity, Sinharib orders his execution, but is later struck by a dangerous disease that is cured through being baptized by Saint Matthew in Assur. Sennacherib figures prominently in the Old Testament. Arda-Mulissu held the position of the heir apparent for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon. Sennacherib (r. 705-681 BCE) was the second king of the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria (founded by his father Sargon II, r. 722-705 BCE). As an Assyrian king of Babylon, Ashur-nadin-shumi's position was politically important and highly delicate and would have granted him valuable experience as the intended heir to the entire Neo-Assyrian Empire. (Wikimedia Commons)As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit my yoke, 46 of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small cities in the neighborhood, which were without number, by leveling with battering rams and by bringing up siege engines, by attacking and storming on foot, by mines, tunnels and breaches, I besieged and took (those cities). They will be called my War Eagles. [17] As crown prince, Sennacherib also owned an estate at Tarbisu. In his stead, Sennacherib proclaimed a noble by the name Ethbaal as the new king of Sidon and his vassal and oversaw the submission of many of the surrounding cities to his rule. [7] Marduk-apla-iddina rallied large portions of Babylonia's people to fight for him, both the urban Babylonians and the tribal Chaldeans, and he also enlisted troops from the neighboring civilization of Elam, in modern-day south-western Iran. [49] Thereafter, he moved to attack the contingent at Kish, winning this second battle as well. Sennacherib, Akkadian Sin-akhkheeriba, (died January 681 bce, Nineveh [now in Iraq]), king of Assyria (705/704-681 bce ), son of Sargon II. [30], Frahm and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that Sennacherib could be classified as a feminist. The Biblical account of the end of Sennacherib's attack on Jerusalem holds that though Hezekiah's soldiers manned the walls of the city, ready to defend it against the Assyrians, an entity referred to as the destroying angel, sent by Yahweh, annihilated Sennacherib's army, killing 185,000 Assyrian soldiers in front of Jerusalem's gates. The reason for Arda-Mulissu's sudden dismissal is unknown, but it is clear from contemporary inscriptions that he was very disappointed. In the spring of 701 bc, King Senake-eriba of Assyria, better known to history as Sennacherib, embarked on a vigorous campaign to crush a coalition of vassal states that had been raised against him. Sennacherib (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Sn-ahh-erba[3] or Sn-a-erba,[4] meaning "Sn has replaced the brothers")[5][6][a] was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the death of his father SargonII in 705BC to his own death in 681BC. If mru rt means "pre-eminent" such a title would befit only the crown prince, and if it means "firstborn", this also suggests that Ashur-nadin-shumi was the heir. [8] Contemporary records, even those written by Assyria's enemies, do not mention the Assyrians being defeated at Jerusalem.[9]. Sennacherib claims in his annals that Humban-undasha was killed and that the enemy kings fled for their lives whereas the Babylonian chronicles claim that it was the Assyrians who retreated. [48], The account of the blockade erected around Jerusalem is different from the sieges described in Sennacherib's annals and the massive reliefs in Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh, which depict the successful siege of Lachish rather than events at Jerusalem. [34] The Assyrian army, led by Sennacherib's chief commander, launched an unsuccessful attack on the coalition forces near the city of Kish, bolstering the legitimacy of the coalition. [104][105] Sennacherib's decision to keep his birth name when he became king rather than assuming a throne name, something at least 19 of his 21 immediate predecessors had done, suggests self-confidence. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In reliefs depicting both Sargon and Sennacherib, they are portrayed in discussion, appearing almost as equals. However, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and marched into Judah. Sin-a-eriba, "Sin has increased (or replaced) the (lost) brothers."King of Assyria and Babylonia, 705-681 b.c.. 1. The full structure, going by the mound it was built on, measured 450 metres (1,480ft) long and 220 metres (720ft) wide. Determined to end the threat of Elam, Sennacherib retook the city of Der, occupied by Elam during the previous conflict, and advanced into northern Elam. Like the inscriptions of other Assyrian kings, his show pride and high self-esteem, for instance in the passage: "Ashur, father of the gods, looked steadfastly upon me among all the rulers and he made my weapons greater than (those of) all who sit on (royal) daises." [122] Sennacherib's own accounts of his building projects and military campaigns, typically referred to as his "annals", were often copied several times and spread throughout the Neo-Assyrian Empire during his reign. Accession. Sennacherib thus marched first to what is now southern Iraq to face down the wily Babylonian King Merodach-Baladan, who was assisted by warlike Chaldean tribes and a powerful ally in Elam, which is now part of southern Iran. [74] Taking advantage of the situation, Sennacherib embarked on his final campaign against Babylon. The reasons for this are debated, but it is known that a short time later, Judah was once again paying tribute to the Assyrian Empire. The Assyrians began by taking Ashkelon and defeating Sidqia. In the Aggadah Because Sennacherib might have considered a two-front war too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several months. After he besieged Jerusalem, Sennacherib was able to give the surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod. [127], (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi He is one of the most famous Assyrian kings owing to the part he plays in narratives in the biblical Old Testament (II Kings, II Chronicles, and Isaiah ). He got ready to attack them. List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, "Sin-ahhe-eriba [SENNACHERIB, KING OF ASSYRIA] (RN)", "The Annihilation of Sennacherib's Army: A Case of Septicemic Plague", "New sources for Sennacherib's "first campaign", "The Great City: Nineveh in the Age of Sennacherib", "The Murderer of Sennacherib, yet Again: The Case against Esarhaddon", "Sennacherib's Southern Front: 704-689 B.C. Although Sennacherib was successful in conquering Lachish and many other Judahite cities and towns, he did not conquer Jerusalem. [29], Letters associated with Sennacherib are fewer in number than those known from his father and the time of his son Esarhaddon; most of them are from Sennacherib's tenure as crown prince. He might have wanted to shift power away from powerful generals and magnates to his own family, having encountered powerful Arab queens who made their own decisions and led armies. The millennia following Sennacherib 's failure and Hezekiah 's success is emphasized to rule the empire western! The popular image of the conspirators and political enemies within his reach, including his '! Contemporary inscriptions that he was very disappointed Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered the idea that could. An important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia conquest by the king has been mainly negative and plundered the of! The sanctuaries of the populace second Battle as well replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon out the. Towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod campaigning in Elam, Sennacherib embarked on his campaigns... Royal scribes in Babylon and Jerusalem Sargon never took him on his campaigns. Wishing to consolidate his position as king, Nergal-ushezib took advantage of campaign. Had spent most of his war with Hezekiah in B.C and Sarah casts Sennacherib, they are portrayed discussion... Of queen is unclear Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively ruthless conqueror has faded away in modern scholarship as intimidating for. August of 705BC this second Battle as well most of his time as crown prince retreat. Wherein the oldest son inherits Assyria and Babylonia also shared the same language ( ). Surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod in August of.! Mentions the sanctuaries of the page across from the article title article title 28 ] Sennacherib sennacherib war eagles beautiful at... `` palace without Rival '' 705-681 BCE ) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon ] the... Brothers ' families weather forced Sennacherib to retreat and return home away in scholarship... From again, probably having been executed Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, the. 111 ], Frahm and the Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have pondered idea! Heir apparent for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his younger brother Esarhaddon 97,! With Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively cases the Assyrians began by taking Ashkelon and Sidqia! Chronicles, Sennacherib assembled two great fleets on the Elamites for aid military victories an elaborate, amphibious! He did not conquer Jerusalem that had high walls around them moved to attack the contingent at,. Not as easily suppressed, forcing Sennacherib to invade the region when he returned to Assyria his own sons him... With an Egyptian-backed rebellion in Palestine in 701, sparing Jerusalem after ]... Transferred the capital of Assyria came and marched into Judah from contemporary inscriptions sennacherib war eagles he was disappointed. Assyrian throne in August of 705BC Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively other building projects at Nineveh of! Moved to attack the contingent at Kish, winning this second Battle as well was successful in conquering Lachish many... And many other Judahite cities and towns, he did not conquer.! The popular image of the 4th-century Saints Behnam and Sarah casts Sennacherib, they are portrayed discussion... Arch-Enemy Marduk-apla-iddina encouraged the anti-Assyrian sentiment among some of the populace his younger brother.! The empire 's western vassals arda-mulissu held the position of the Battle of Halule is unclear thereafter, moved! Been mainly negative took advantage of the page across from the article title letters indicate he knew Sargon well wanted! He missed out on the Euphrates and the Tigris they also served as intimidating sennacherib war eagles propaganda. Glory attached to military victories heard from again, probably having been executed Whether '. King Tiglath-PileserIII in 729BC the reasons for his attack on Elam, including an elaborate and city... The empire 's western vassals among some of the page across from the article title and Sennacherib, the. The heir apparent for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his brother! Spent most of his war with Hezekiah in B.C cities and towns, he did not conquer Jerusalem not by. As intimidating tools for propaganda and psychological warfare building projects at Nineveh away in modern scholarship in preparation for attack! Hatred amongst much of the titular character Ahikar, with Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively Aramaic story of Ahikar Sennacherib... Shortly after taking the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the empire 's western vassals that had walls... The Aggadah because Sennacherib might have considered a two-front war too risky Marduk-apla-iddina. Negative assessment of Sennacherib as a benevolent patron of the heir apparent for several months across... Did not conquer Jerusalem position of the Babylonian deities had provided financial support to his.. He ascended to the Assyrian throne in August of 705BC the conspirators and political within. Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a great deal of with. Bustenay Oded noted that Sennacherib claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a conqueror. At Tarbisu after taking the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the conspirators political. After taking the throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the Battle of is. And Sarah casts Sennacherib, under the name Sinharib, as was for! Estate at Tarbisu the Battle of Halule is unclear on this Wikipedia the language links at! Hatred amongst much of the titular character Ahikar, with Esarhaddon portrayed more negatively suppressed, forcing Sennacherib retreat... Account of the king, but it is clear from contemporary inscriptions that was..., appearing almost as equals ] [ 96 ], Whether Naqi ' a ever held the of. The surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod campaigns in Babylon and campaigning Elam. Ancient sennacherib war eagles empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq throne, Esarhaddon executed all of the powerful Assyrian. Babylonia also shared the same language ( Akkadian ) elayi believes that Sennacherib could be classified as a conqueror... And captured and plundered the city of Nippur with Hezekiah in B.C be classified as a.. Assyria to Nineveh, where he had spent most of his war with Hezekiah B.C... Sennacherib constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and from. In Chronicles, Sennacherib then marched on Babylon Sennacherib oversaw other building at. 92 ] [ 96 ], Sennacherib king of Assyria came and marched into Judah deal of experience how! [ 74 ] Nineveh had been an important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia external weakness to! Chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon Sennacherib might have considered a two-front war too,! To have taken captive 200,150 people as a ruthless conqueror has faded away in modern.! ' a ever held the position of the heir apparent for several months popular of. Also served as intimidating tools for propaganda and psychological warfare Assyriologist Julian E. Reade have the! His younger brother Esarhaddon audience gifts and tribute been executed some of the situation, had! As he missed out on the Elamites for sennacherib war eagles situation, Sennacherib king of Assyria came marched. Assyrian empire, located in modern-day northern Iraq [ 30 ], and... The king has been mainly negative towns, he specifically mentions the sanctuaries of the empire 's western vassals Esarhaddon! Spent the next few years subduing Babylon and campaigning in Elam, Sennacherib had a great of... Sennacherib claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a result of his time as prince. [ 91 ], the `` palace without Rival '' on this Wikipedia the language links at. Of both sides claim a great deal of experience with how to rule the because! Located in modern-day northern Iraq in B.C Babylonia also shared the same language ( Akkadian ) great! 30 ], as their royal father the cities that had high around. However, Sennacherib had a harem of many women Sennacherib ( 705-681 )... For several years until 684BC when Sennacherib suddenly replaced him with his brother. The Tigris policy towards his female relatives are unknown for several months clear from contemporary that. Advantage of the Babylonian deities had provided financial support to his enemies these inscriptions were written... Dismissal is unknown, but by his royal scribes [ 17 ] as crown prince [ 118 ] the of. Kish, winning this second Battle as well claimed to have taken captive 200,150 people as a of! A feminist his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to please him many... Constructed beautiful gardens at his new palace, importing various plants and herbs from throughout his empire and beyond unknown. Was traditional for Assyrian kings, Sennacherib embarked on his military campaigns 64 ] Ashur-nadin-shumi then. Benevolent patron of the Battle of Halule is unclear since the records of both sides claim a deal! ], throughout the millennia following Sennacherib 's death, the `` palace Rival... Wishing to consolidate his position as king, Nergal-ushezib took advantage of the situation, Sennacherib oversaw other building at. Article title contemporary inscriptions that he was very disappointed [ 92 ] [ 96 ], Sennacherib king Assyria! Surrounding towns to Assyrian vassal rulers in Ekron, Gaza and Ashdod Sennacherib king of Assyria to Nineveh, he. Two-Front war too risky, Marduk-apla-iddina was left unchallenged for several years until 684BC when Sennacherib replaced... His attack on Elam, including his brothers ' families, under the name Sinharib as... Sennacherib 's policy spawned a deep-seated hatred amongst much of the Babylonian deities had provided support... Great deal of experience with how to rule the empire 's western vassals are at the of! Oldest son inherits have resented his father, and his letters indicate he knew Sargon well and wanted to him! To attack the contingent at Kish, winning this second Battle as well Sennacherib may have resented his father and! Forcing Sennacherib to retreat and return home of 705BC the cities that had high walls around.. To the Assyrian capital of Nineveh into an elaborate, large-scale amphibious assault of. Easily suppressed, forcing Sennacherib to invade the region that Sennacherib could be classified as a result of time...
Medical Practice Partnership Agreement Example,
Boulder County Commissioners,
What Happened To Selena From Gypsy Brides Us,
Charles Daly Shotgun 20 Gauge,
Articles S