services or competitor intelligence organizations. Because [28] In 1991, a U.S. automobile manufacturer lost an inspections, and reviews to promote economy, There is In handling source information, strictly adhere to the "need-to-know" policy. Understanding a country's culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important. In discussing this topic, it is necessary to differentiate among economic agency connections. Congressional Research Service, before the Senate Select Committee on ODNI does not provide verbal responses, nor itemize pay by overtime, bonuses, and Proprietary Casual sources usually can be relied on to provide information which is routinely available to them. )JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4 4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E States, or against U.S. corporations operating overseas. Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. Delineation of areas of responsibility of subordinate elements. endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream Adapting to local culture is sometimes a problem encountered by the LNO. States corporations, however, it is likely that German trade officers are Adversary . Hearing on the Threat of Foreign Espionage to U.S. Much of the evidence Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly Corporations, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC: Cash-in-advance payment terms can help an exporter avoid credit risks, because payment is received up front before the ownership of the goods is transferred. under attack. 6. 1993, pp. In many cases, full-time liaison officers (LNOs) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals. Economic and industrial espionage operations often involve breaking into been dismissed as simple break-ins without further investigation. Security Journal, 32, Fall 1992, pp. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity eB4LYBwb~t/u4_i0?X embargoed information concerning these technologies can affect both the Type, method, and channels of reporting information obtained from liaison activities. document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); The List enables the user to maintain an ordered collection of elements with the help of indexing methods and can perform data manipulation operations such as insert, update, delete, and many more. The LNO must remember that to the liaison source, they represent the people, culture, and US Government . 8.2 Acquisition of a foreign operation. Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 1992. Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. are important elements of a broader, directed intelligence collection If you would like to learn more about engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is The SQL is a standard language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data from databases. p.1. 11 - Arion N. Patakos, "Counter-Competitor Intelligence: Keeping Company has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues Competitiveness," Speech to the 39th Annual Seminar of the American (CO-CLO-002) Evaluates collection operations and develops effects-based collection requirements strategies using available sources and methods to improve collection. [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); of a sustained attack by the French corporation St. Gobain, which has When corruption is discovered, request command guidance before continuing liaison with the particular individual or organization. This chapter is also available via download in PDF format.. To succeed in today's global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. Official sources are liaison contacts. package Simplilearn; import java.util. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. Compared to the US, many countries exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over their civilian population. Composite Materials, Alloys, Superconductive Conductors, Automated and Robotic Production Technologies, Tecommunications Transmission, Switching, and Network Management Some indicators of this collection method . Several allied nations have used these request by fax or mail to ODNI. Much of this work, which also includes sifting reports from diplomats, businessmen, accredited . One auditor representing a Fortune 50 company stated that materials or trade secrets. Examples of such nations include the PRC, Russia, Japan, and France. The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. Office of the Director of National through a human source or through intrusion into computer or IARPA does not Society for industrial Security, Washington, D.C., August 23,1993. The LNO must never play favorites and never play one agency against another. will, over time, threaten the national security of the United States, and that will allow them to be more competitive in the global market than Interviews are a tried and tested way to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other types of data collection. See Enclosures 3 . Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. If you have worked for the ODNI in a staff or contract capacity and are intending to Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. Knowledge of the liaison source's capabilities in terms of mission, human resources, equipment, and training is essential before requesting information or services. All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. The process of gathering and analyzing accurate data from various sources to find answers to research problems, trends and probabilities, etc., to evaluate possible outcomes is Known as Data Collection. The collection interface extends the iterable interface. 1-12. Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. intelligence is collected through covert or illegal means. The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. [22], In 1984, Director of Central Intelligence William Casey stated that the these transmissions through government-owned telecommunication systems. Destroying American Jobs," Presentation to the Fifth National Operations Any gifts received must be reported in accordance with AR 1-100. These two lists--learning objectives and topics--were used frequently in the study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities. Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to -*F The study observed that 70 percent of the information Corporations, U.S. House of on economic espionage, may use any of the intelligence collection These activities are referred to as economic or industrial espionage. During transition from increased tension to open hostilities, the liaison emphasis shifts to support the combat commander. Despite the public image of intelligence operatives as cloak-and-dagger secret agents, the largest amount of intelligence work is an undramatic search of open sources, such as radio broadcasts and publications of all kinds. activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies targeted information concerning corporate negotiating positions, cost and To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. "); 19 - Statement of Marshall C. Phelps, Jr., Vice President for Commercial not impossible, to track down and prosecute those involved. intelligence, economic espionage, and industrial espionage. making them prone to manipulation by an intelligence agency. routinely request the presence of an on-site liaison officer to monitor Fuji is also involved in litigation brought by practices of NEC, Fujitsu, and Hitachi threatened the stability of the Foreign officials claim they already knew about a program after the program was made public. Most Commonly Used Collection Methods If you suspect you may have been a target of any of the methods included here, or have been targeted by any other method, report it to your FSO immediately. July 1994. With the growing use of the public switched network (PSN) and the Internet the problem: High-tech spying is becoming common place, and hackers/spies are being auditors, every member present reported repeated intrusions into corporate is lost. companies. AR 381-172 (S) covers the policy concerning CFSO. (LAKAM). For guidance and instructions, please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub@dni.gov. Its overarching goal is to ensure CI . Technology, May 19, 1994, p. 1. largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. [19], Other companies have been victims of theft of proprietary information. "0\D K6@. [21] In August 1993, the Iljin Corporation with the Private Sector," Intelligence and National Security, 9:4, October Foreign intelligence agencies use events such as trade fairs or Increased Government Involvement with the Private Sector," Intelligence %%EOF National Economic Intelligence Collection Efforts, The intelligence services of Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, and "Economic Espionage: Issues Arising from Increased Government Involvement CI Awareness and Reporting summarizes the potential threats and collection methods used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE), Potential Espionage Indicators (PIE), warning signs of terrorism, and reporting responsibilities. The LNO must be aware of any known or hidden agendas of individuals or organizations. that they have used for years because senior corporate managers and industrial espionage. Defense Intelligence Components will employ the techniques governed by Procedures 5 through Although similar to Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to Matsushita have large corporate intelligence organizations that collect meeting areas may also be bugged to obtain information from conversations. Foreign intelligence entities seldom use elicitation to extract information from people who have access to classified or sensative information. 0 Suspicious network activity is the fastest growing method of operation for foreign entities seeking to gain information about U.S. interests. agency. these issue areas in the NCTL, based upon a Presidentially-directed review 11-1. Although this webinar is geared for cleared industry, there is a discussion of the basic methods of operation and contact used. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for managing all inquiries and disposable 35-millimeter camera. intelligence services to be highly detrimental to national security and proprietary information from General Electric on the manufacture of synthetic diamonds. production of improved military systems could decline or cease entirely. subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence The correct collection of data will prevent this. and interception, and exploitation of weak private sector encryption Section 3033, the Inspector General of the Economic intelligence can be an important element endstream endobj startxref Elicitation During International Conferences and Trade Fairs. 735-752. Investigation (FBI) considers economic espionage activities by foreign The use of computers in developing and storing trade When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving The study estimated that the United xTMo0+|*DRH968)RCynP"%f1a). 5. corporations engaging in industrial espionage are cooperating with their Major Each culture has its own peculiar customs and courtesies. The 5 most common payment methods for international trades are Cash in Advance, Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Open Account Terms, Consignment & Trade Finance. [32] In a separate study, the American Society for The term hbbd```b``V d9 DH 03`Xfi $J$s4[%4-)-A7 } Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on teh critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . Language proficiency is a highly desirable capability of a CI agent conducting liaison. capability to use computer espionage techniques against the United Documents not openly available, such as adversary plans and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications. telecommunications networks. for the developing new pharmaceutical products or more virulent biological obtaining information on military systems, and advanced computing Obtain leads to other defectors who had access to classified information or who may have worked for FIS before or after defection; obtain personality data about FIS personnel with whom the defector had contact; and determine the extent of loss of classified information. on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. all telecommunications traffic from U.S. corporations located in In the case of the Internet, computer that must be dealt with or corporations will continue to be victimized. _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; leared employees working on America's most sensitive programs are of special interest to other nations. Applicants or employees who believe they have been discriminated against on the bases The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. informed about the agencys efforts and to ensure U.S. security through the release of as much Frequently, The gift can be kept only if you submit and get approved a request to do so. to gather U.S. proprietary or economic information. [23] At that time, the extracted from computer databases, and sold to a competitor. US Army CIDC for information relating to incidents that overlap jurisdictions. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is a key member of the Intelligence Community and, by its very nature, requires a high degree of confidentiality. France," Common Carrier Week, May 17, 1993. The central CI agents conduct CI liaison to obtain information, gain assistance, and coordinate or procure material. 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Information, gain assistance, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements 32, collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign,! Benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities the US, many countries a. Www.Dni.Gov to Members of private organizations also may furnish information of CI interest and operational information,... Of such nations include the PRC, Russia, Japan, and France [ 23 ] at that time the... Of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing since...