Fish and Wildlife Service and the Army will retain areas where hazardous wastes are managed, such as the landfill and soil covers. Colorado health officials contendthat Shells trenches and slurry walls have not prevented pesticides and other dangerous chemicals from leaching into the groundwater. The waste from the pre-treatment plant was generally a solution containing 13,000 parts per million sodium chloride (salt), with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 11.5. One of the major lessees, Shell Oil Company, along with Julius Hyman and Company and Colorado Fuel and Iron, had manufacturing and processing capabilities on RMA between 1952 and 1982. In 1987, the RMA was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) of Superfund sites. Between 1946 and 1987, the Army also leased portions of the arsenal to Shell Oil Company to manufacture pesticides. In 2004, 5000 acres along the perimeter of the site were deleted from the National Priorities List of Superfund sites to establish the National Wildlife Refuge. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has been transformed from a 17,000+ acre facility used for weapons and chemical manufacturing into a beautiful nature sanctuary. One monitoring project has demonstrated incremental improvements over time, and specifically measured 640 parts per billion (ppb) in 1987 and 55 ppb in 1989, while a different off-post monitoring well measured 138 ppb in 1985, 105 ppb in 1987, 14 ppb in 1988, and 6.7 ppb in 1989. The Friends of the Front Range Wildlife Refuges (FFRWR) is a community that supports the two largest national wildlife refuges in the Denver metro area-the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and the Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuges. The shock shuffled furniture around in homes, and left electrical wall outlets hanging by their wires at Irondale. He began working at the newspaper in 1998, after writing for newspapers in Mesa, Ariz., and Twin Falls, Idaho, and The Associated Press in Salt Lake City. Congruent with the outline of the June 1996 USFWS Comprehensive Management Plan, RMA will be available for public use through both community outreach and educational programs (as provided by the Visitor Access Plan and the USFWS). Trace amounts of the chemical 1,4-dioxane has been found in some samples of drinking water. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was created out of farmland on the eastern edge of metro Denver during World War II to arm the U.S. Army. The Army discontinued use of the well in Feb. 1966 because of the possibility that the fluid injection was triggering earthquakes in the area. Coinciding with these activities, from 1946 to 1982, the Army leased RMA facilities to private industries for the production of pesticides. The Colorado School of Mines rated this shock magnitude 5.0. Rocky Flats historical public exposure studies, Final Consent Decree between the United States and the State of Colorado, Final Consent Decree between Shell Oil Company and the State of Colorado, Colorado Attorney General's Colorado Natural Resources Trustees website, Colorado environmental health site assessment. The program consisted of four tests between September 3 and October 26. They would be worse if they were surrounded by a fence and left off-limits for decades and decades, said David Havlick, a professor at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies military-to-wildlife conversions. Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak contaminants into groundwater, Colorado health department lawsuit says Contaminants include organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals and solvents. In April 2007 Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium, was opened on part of the former Rocky Mountain Arsenal land that was transferred to Commerce City. It was also helpful that the location was close to Stapleton airfield, a major transportation hub.[5]. EPA and the State concurred with the approach. [1], The environmental movement began in the United States in the 1960-1970s. Boulder sustained minor damage to walls and acoustical tile ceilings on April 27, 1967, as result of a magnitude 4.4 earthquake. Farmers in the vicinity complained about the damage to crops due to the water pumped from the shallow alluvial aquifer. A 14-year, $2-billion remediation effort begun in 1996 will turn most of the arsenal into a national wildlife refuge. Also, they noted that if all groundwater were to be cleared for human consumption, the cost would be $500 million annually. In 1996, after a lengthy process in which site investigations were conducted and completed, an approach to remedy the chemical contamination at the Arsenal was set forth by the US Army. Further, there have been damages to the rural areas due to contamination resulting in livestock losses, and crop losses. CDPHE is asking the federal court to compel the Army to install or modify the existing treatment system to effectively prevent pollutants from contaminating groundwater, the lawsuit says. Although the U.S. Army and Shell used accepted disposal practices of the time, decades of chemical and agricultural production led to contamination of some of the soil, structures and groundwater. (8 of 9), "The Refuge and adjacent property represent a public-private partnership done right," said Mayor Sean Ford. These potential confounders are not clearly addressed in this report and may complicate the analysis as well as raise concern for disparities in exposure risk that is dependent upon demographic factors. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The Surveillance for Birth Defects utilized passive observational data from an existing birth defects registry March 1989 March 2009. [20] In the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal, total indirect cost was not estimated at all. They have been left in place to excavate, so they have been left in place. Most badgers at Rocky Mountain Arsenal appear to be unaffected by dieldrin, one of the main chemical contaminants remaining in the soil at the military base. Contaminated ground water was first discovered to have migrated off of the Arsenal in the mid-1950s when crop damage and affected livestock was noted on farms north of the Arsenal. This legacy, they say, requires restrictions on where visitors can go and obligates the government to monitor the sites for perhaps centuries. Additionally, some of this land was used for a prisoner of war camp (for Germancombatants) and later transferred to the city of Denver as Stapleton Airport expanded. 2010All surface environmental cleanup work concludes. The timeline below highlights important milestones from each decade. Vote in our annual food bracket challenge. Marshall fire victims protested green building codes as too expensive. From 1964 -- 1966, waste was removed from an isolated section of Basin F and was combined with waste from a pre-treatment plant, located near Basin F, and then pumped into the well. The Army and Shell Oil Co. began conducting detailed site investigations in the 1970s to define the extent of contamination. [citation needed] Share Them by March 3. It was estimated by the U.S. Mallard carcasses found to have higher levels of Dieldrin. Two sites were retained by the Army: the South Plants location due to historical use[clarification needed], and the North Plant location, which is now a landfill containing the remains of various buildings used in the plants. In the early 1980s the site was selected as a Superfund site and the cleanup process began. Here's the history of the Arsenal quakes from the USGS site: It was 32 minutes after 4 a.m. on April 24 when the first shock of the Denver series was recorded at the Cecil H. Green Geophysical Observatory at Bergen Park, Colorado. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. Damage on a lesser scale occurred throughout the area. The settlement amount totaled $27.4 millionand is to be used for natural resources restoration projects in the South Platte River area. [18] While it is difficult to capture the societal cost to clean up the site, the list of actions dealing with groundwater contamination listed by Mears and Heise include: Direct economic totals add up to approximately $111 million and this estimation does not include operation and maintenance costs. Rates of birth defects in the communities surrounding the arsenal were also monitored and found to be stable and no different than rates for all of Colorado. In addition, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal had a POW camp for German soldiers, called Rose Hill. Theyre not going to want to be in a place with chemical pollution or radiation problems., Email: newsroom@coloradosun.com It cited seven violations. Legislators quickly moved from beneath chandeliers in the Denver Capitol Building, fearing they might fall. The animals were transferred from the National Bison Range in Montana. Due to the early completion of this program, the Army realized a savings of 300,000 dollars. Further testing revealed that the containment issue is an ongoing problem, the lawsuit says. "Without the support of multiple federal agencies including the EPA Commerce City would have not been able to leverage a remediated property into a true community asset." The building was known as the Environmental Analytical Laboratory, and was used to analyze soil, water, and air samples collected during the environmental clean-up of RMA. Rocky Mountain Greenway Trail Open: Year-round to hiking, bicycles, and Class 1 e-Bikes Length: 4.8 miles This regional trail corridor will link Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge with Two Ponds and Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuges, along with many other protected open space and park lands throughout the Denver metro-area. Today, only the foundation of a watch post from Rose Hill is visible, and then only when pointed. and help keep the future of Westword, Use of this website constitutes acceptance of our, Denver boot puts the lock on the Global Business Travel Association bash. At that time, liquid waste disposal methods were employed in an attempt to prevent the chemical contamination from spreading further including lining one of the basins with asphalt, and injection of the waste chemicals into a deep well, but these techniques were ultimately unsuccessful. When the Cold War ended in the 1980s, more surplus military lands were earmarked for refuges. But parts of the refuge remain off-limits, including specially designed landfills where the Army disposed of contaminated soil. Many slight shocks occurred near the well during this period. For questions about Refuge programs and conservation efforts, please contact the U.S. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. Many homeowners reported wall, ceiling, floor, patio, sidewalk, and foundation cracks. The contamination of the underlying alluvial aquifer occurred due to the discharge of waste into unlined basins. The government converted them into refuges under U.S. [11] Air quality monitoring of the Arsenal began concurrently with the decontamination process in 1997 and surveillance continued until July 2009. In 1996, after a lengthy process in which site investigations were conducted and completed, an approach to remedy the chemical contamination at the Arsenal was set forth by the US Army. [13], As part of the clean up of the RMA, much of the soil, up to 10 feet below the surface was removed from the site. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. (3 of 9), REDEVELOPMENT - Commerce City, CO a northern suburb of Denver,and a sports enterprise business have invested more than $120 million in the property, which yields 1.7 million visitors annually. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet, with the remaining 70 feet left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park -- again, Family gets unexpected bill after Kaiser Permanente Colorado software error that resulted in refunds to thousands, Skygazers will have a great view Wednesday of two planets that look like they are almost touching. Rocky Mountain Arsenal, which was once a U.S. Army chemical weapons manufacturing facility, became a wildlife refuge in 1992. [6][7] Fish and Wildlife Service to establish a field office at the RMA to help manage the abundant wildlife. The organic content of the solution was high but is largely unknown. Because of the Superfund site status and the dramatic cleanups, many residents in neighborhoods surrounding the RMA voiced concern about ongoing health risks of living within the close vicinity of the site. Telling stories that matter in a dynamic, evolving state. A similar shock, magnitude 4.1, centered in the Denver area November 15. 1995-1996Following extensive community input, the Off-Post and On-Post Records of Decision (ROD) are signed. The Off-Post Record of Decision was finalized in December 1995 and its requirements consist of actions for off-site groundwater and soil. In summary, there is no current evidence of health effects. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, a manufacturing center of United States chemical weapons, is located in Commerce City, Colorado. Feds light fires at Rocky Mountain Arsenal to restore prairie for multiplying bison and the visitors who flock there Prescribed fire is meant to invigorate about 875 acres of short-grass . After 42 years of chemical manufacturing, in 1984, the United States Army began to inspect the level of contamination at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA). Since 1985, the mission at RMA has been the remediation of the site. The U.S government acquired the Arsenal land in 1942 to manufacture chemical warfare agents, including mustard gas and incendiary munitions, for use in World War II. When the cleanup was completed, it was clear that no Arsenal chemicals had been released into the air that exceeded the health-protective levels established for the site since the environmental cleanup began in October 1997. As production declined at wars end, the U.S. Army leased some of the facilities to private companies, one of which Shell Oil Co. purchased, for the production of agricultural chemicals. Conditions reports for this lake are available when logged in. The U.S. Army constructed the Arsenal in 1942 to develop chemical weapons as a deterrent against the Axis Powers. The CDPHE issued the Army a notice of non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not working. How? A more recent article in 2004 by Pimentel,[19] estimated the cost of removal pesticides from the groundwater and soil at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal by approximately $2 billion. An official website of the United States government, Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. The cleanup of the refuge's 15,000 acres was completed in 2010. During the cleanup of the RMA, concern for air pollution from the hazardous materials was raised. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. PDF Jun 1, 2022 Laws, rules, and regulations General Fishing Laws Just watch where you step. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitoring program (MMP) was put in place as part of the Record of Decision (ROD) between the U.S. Army, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado Department of Health and Environment in 1996. On May 21, 2011, the official visitor center for the refuge was opened with an exhibit about the site's history, ranging from the homesteading era to its current status. Next, the injection zone at the bottom 70 feet of the well was closed by plugging with cement. The Army replied by indicating federal authorities should regulate the arsenal superfund site through the CERCLA, and not state environmental authorities. Treatment plants remove contaminants from groundwater to keep them out of domestic wells. Houses creaked and objects rattled during this magnitude 2.1 earthquake. Kirk Mitchell is a general assignment reporter at The Denver Post who focuses on criminal justice stories. After the war, it became a bustling center of industrial activity -- a top-secret center that created a lot of dangerous waste. Take the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Self-Guided Wildlife Drive This was the highlight of the park for us. Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. Most skeptics agree the refuges are worthwhile but warn that the natural beauty might obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby. This program was designed to address potential Arsenal-related health concerns of those living in communities surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, including the southernmost portion of Brighton, Commerce City, Green Valley Ranch, Henderson and Montbello. Fish and Wildlife Service at 303.289.0930, or visit the Refuge online. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. The location was ideal, not only because of the proximity to the airport, but because of the geographic features of the site, it was less likely to be attacked. Many of the surrounding neighborhoods have been provided with potable tap water from other areas of Adams county because of the potential effects of contaminated groundwater from wells. Several reported basement floors separated from walls. Estimating exact direct and indirect impact of the contamination is very challenging as the cleaning and monitoring costs are complex. The U.S. Congress responded to the movement in 1980 with the creation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), most commonly referred to as a Superfund. More by The Associated Press, Got a story tip? Join the Westword community and help support Further, in 1961, the Army constructed a 12,000-foot deep injection well for the disposal of wastes. Restrictions on well water use, residential development, consumption of fish and game from the arsenal, and agricultural use of the arsenal will exist in perpetuity until further scientific research is completed at the site. In 1992, Congress designated the sites as a wildlife refuge. The U.S. There is no appropriate standard by the EPA, but the state of Colorado has a standard treatment protocol for this chemical. As provided by CERCLA, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) was conducted to determine the extent of contamination. Fish and Wildlife Service, bringing the total to 15,000 acres (61km2). Critics sayRocky Mountain Arsenalin Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. The waste fluid chemistry is not known precisely. In 1975, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment ordered the Army and Shell to stop the non-permitted discharge of contaminants, to control the contaminated groundwater leaving the site, and to implement a monitoring plan. Make a one-time donation today for as little as $1. Official websites use .gov A $7 billion cleanup concentrated on 2 square miles (5 square kilometers) where workers assembled plutonium triggers for nuclear warheads, and that area is fenced and closed to the public. 1987The EPA places the RMA on the National Priorities (or Superfund) List. 24,590 were here. Minor damage, in the form of broken windows and dishes and cracked walls and plaster, occurred at Aguilar, Segundo, Trinchera, and Trinidad. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, a former nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver, opened to hikers and cyclists last September, but some activists question whether its safe. State officials say they want long-term and legally binding assurances. For example, DIMP (diisopropyl methyl phosphonate) was one of the main contaminants in the area. SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. Structures that contain the contaminated soil at RMA are also actively monitored, along with surface water and biological resources. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. Now a majority are voluntarily adopting them. Slighter rumblings (below magnitude 3.0) occurred throughout the remainder of 1966, and through the first week of April 1967. From Arsenal of Democracy to urban wildlife refuge, the RMA has been critical to achieving U.S. defense, space exploration, environmental remediation and conservation goals. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or usable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet (3630 m) of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. Tensions arose between the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the State of Colorado, United States Army, and the chemical industries as they partnered to clean up the site and create the RMANWR. Annual Highlights from Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Rocky Mountain Arsenal has recently published its annual community report. More from our Calhoun: Wake-Up Call archive: "Denver boot puts the lock on the Global Business Travel Association bash.". Waste that was left in place is now interred beneath largeengineered covers that prevent intrusion by humans or animals,and also preventfurther contamination of groundwater. Baseline rates of congenital anomalies in the study area compared to Colorado as a whole did not show significant differences between populations. Other demographics of the mother were gathered as well. Reunion is located on the north border of RMA. These restrictions must remain in place unless future sampling and scientific investigation determine they can be safely removed. Current Basin F liquid consists of very salty water that includes some metals, chlorides, wastewater and toxic organics. The manufacturing of these weapons continued until 1969. (La hoja de datos tambin est disponible en espaol aqu.). More recently, it has been used as a storage facility for excess office furniture and equipment. Contaminated areas of soil remain in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, but are contained in basins and containment structures.[11]. The new venue hosts the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer. Two early morning shocks occurred November 14. Several were felt, but none caused damage until the window breaker that surprised Dupont and Irondale on the night of December 4. Brighton is 6 miles north, and Barr Lake State Park is about 5 miles northeast. Critics say Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. Kauffman violated state order to stop selling its oil and gas, Colorados air pollution permitting process for oil and gas, other industries may get a lot stricter, (720) 263-2338 Call, text, Signal or WhatsApp, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Following the war and through the early 1980s, the facilities continued to be used by the Army. Contaminants included solvents, metals, pesticides, and miscellaneous manufacturing-related chemicals. The site was completed December 1942,[1] operated by the United States Army throughout the later 20th century and was controversial among local residents until its closure in 1992. (5 of 9), Mayor Pro Tem Ren Bullock, who also sits on the Board of Directors for the Friends of the Front Range Wildlife Refuges, stated "As a decades-long participant in transitioning this site from munitions manufacturing to wildlife sanctuary, I can honestly say the Refuge is an shining example of promises made, promises kept and should serve as the gold standard for how to make former Superfund sites benefit the communities in which they are located." Photo source:CBS Denver The Act also provides that to the extent possible, parts of the Arsenal are to be managed as a Refuge in the interim. So theres a huge downside to converting it into a wildlife refuge, because it allows residual contamination to remain in place, said Jeff Edson, a former Colorado state health official who worked on the cleanup. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a few miles northeast of Denver, was originally constructed and operated by the Chemical Corps of the United States Army. North of the former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County. Access a text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight. The site was operated by the United States Army throughout the later 20th century and was controversial among local residents until its closure in 1992. They awakened many residents, but were not widely felt. An astonishing array of animals and habitats flourished onsix obsolete weapons complexes mostly for nuclear or chemical arms because the sites banned the public and other intrusions for decades. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was created out of farmland on the eastern edge of metro Denver during World War II to arm the U.S. Army. Manufacturing and waste disposal practices used during these years resulted in extensive soil, surface water, sediment, groundwater and structures contamination, damage to trees and vegetation, and death to wildlife. However, the Army estimates that the waste was a more dilute version of the Basin F liquid which is now being incinerated. As portions of the cleanup are completed, this property becomes part of the National Wildlife Refuge system and is transferred to the U.S. Department of Interior. The magnitude 5.3 tremor caused the most serious damage at Northglenn, where concrete pillar supports to a church roof were weakened, and 20 windows were broken. Another group asked the courts to release documents from a 27-year-old criminal investigation into the weapons plant, hoping they will show whether the government tracked down and cleaned up all the contamination. Finally, the Act provides for the transfer of some Arsenal land for road expansion around the perimeter of the Arsenal and 915 acres (3.70km2) to be sold for development and annexation by Commerce City. First, the well casing was tested to evaluate its integrity. All manufacturing activities ended in 1982. Air monitoring surveillance continued until the end of July 2009. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. At the borders of the RMA and at some places in the sites interior, contaminated groundwater is pumped from the below the surface and cleaned before reinjection. The perfect trail for those who like to enjoy nature from the comfort of their air-conditioned vehicle with a latte in hand. 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